高中英语 虚拟语气官精讲 含近几年高考题.ppt
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1、The Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气,在英语中随着说话人意图的不同,动词需用不同的形式,称为语气。英语语气有三种:,语气(mood)是一种动词形式,用以表示说话者的意图或态度。,祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。 Please be careful. 请细心点。,陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 There are two sides to every question.,虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想,或是不可能实
2、现的与事实相反的愿望。,If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。,May you succeed! 祝您成功!,I wish you were more careful. 但愿你更细心些。,虚拟语气的应用,A. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用 B. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用 C. 虚拟语气在某些句型中的应用,A. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用,条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。 如果假设的情况与事实相反,或根本不可能实现,或发生的可能性很小,就是非真实条件句,即虚拟条件句。两种条件句的谓语动词形式各不相同
3、。真实条件句用陈述语气的动词形式,而非真实条件句用虚拟语气的动词形式。,与事实相反!,1) If he has time,he will go shopping tonight.,2) If I had time,I would visit you.,与现在事实相反:,did,be-were,should/would/could/might + do,如果我是你,我会更加努力学习英语。,If I were you, I would study English harder.,If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.,如果现在不下雨的话
4、,我们就出去野餐了。,与过去事实相反,had done,should/would/might/could +have +done,如果昨天你在这儿,就什么事都不会发生了。,If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened.,如果我早到一点的话,我就会赶上那辆公共汽车了。,If I had got there earlier, I would have caught the bus.,与将来事实相反,Did/ were,should do,were to do,should/would/could/might +do,表示
5、与将来事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形,而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。,明天要是周日的话,我们就不参加考试了。,If it should fail, I would try again.,要是失败了,我会再试一次。,If it were Sunday tomorrow, we wouldnt have an exam.,过去式(be用 were),would(should, could,might)+do,had+done,would(should, could,might)
6、+ have done,1.过去式/were 2.should +do 3.were to+do,would (should, could, might) +do,含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中,如果有had, should, were可以将if 省略,再将句子的主语和谓语实行部分倒装。,注意一:,eg: If it should be fine,we would go for an outing.,Should it be fine, we would go for an outing.,eg: If they had had time, they would have come and he
7、lped us.,Had they had time, they would have come and helped us.,If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.,Were it to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.,Exercises: 1. I _ (come) too if I had time to spare. 2. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ (c
8、ome), she would have met my brother. 3. If the hurricane had happened during the daytime, there _ (be) more deaths.,should/would come,had come,would have been,4.If it _ _ (rain) tomorrow, we _(not go out). 5._(be) I in good health, I _ (go) with you tomorrow.,rained/ should rain/ were to rain,would
9、not go out,Were,would/should go,当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。,注意二:,如果他早点出发,他现在已到家了。,If he had set out earlier, he would be home now.,假如你接受了我的意见,你现在就会好的多。,You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.,B. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用,1、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法, It is desired (su
10、ggested requested, ordered, demanded) + that; It is strange (necessary, possible, important,natural) +that; It is a pity ( no wonder) + that 等结构后的主语从句中的谓语动词用should +动词原形,should常被省略。,例: It is desired that we(should) get everything ready by tonight.,他那样说话,令人吃惊。,It is strange that he(should) say so.,真遗
11、憾,你失去了这么好的机会。,It has been decided that the sports meet(should)be put off till next month.,已经决定了把运动会推迟至下个月。,It is a pity that you(should) miss a good chance.,高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。,It is necessary that a high school student should master a foreign language.,2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,(1) 在表示提议、要求、命令、决定等动词如suggest, com
12、mand, require, request, demand, propose, insist, order等)后的宾语从句中谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”。Should常被省略。,一个坚持(insist), 两个命令(order, command), 三个建议( suggest, advise, propose), 四个要求( ask,demand request, require),They proposed that the prize (should) be given to our monitor.,他们建议把奖品给我们的班长.,I insist that he give m
13、e my money back.,我要求他把钱退给我。,eg: He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane.,他命令用专机送药品。,He insisted that he was not a thief and that he be set free.,Her pale face suggested she was ill.,注意:若insist表示“坚持说”,suggest 表示“表明了,暗示了”,后面是宾语从句用陈述语气,他命令用专机送药品。,I wish it would rain tomorrow.,
14、(2)在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。,1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。,我希望知道这个问题的答案。,I wish I knew the answer to the question.,I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.,2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”或“would, could, might +have done” 。,我真希望没花那么多钱。,I wish I hadnt s
15、pent so much money.,他真希望没有失去那机会。,He wishes he had not lost the chance.,例: I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. may have slept D. have slept,本题后半句谓语动词是过去时had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案.,3)表示对将来
16、的主观愿望:从句动词形式为“would/should/could/might 动词原形”。,但愿雨能很快停止。,I wish it would stop raining soon.,但愿你能立刻来。,I wish you could come soon.,Exercises:,The last chance has been lost. How he wishes he would have another chance.,I wish I had learned more.,我多希望我像你一样强壮。 我多希望我以前多学一些。 最后一次机会他也失去了,他多么希望他能再有一次机会啊!,I wis
17、h I were as strong as you.,(3) 在主语would rather that 宾语从句中,从句谓语用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反 。,I would rather they went with me.,They would rather go with me.,I would rather we had the exam tomorrow.,I would rather nothing had happened last night.,3.虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句的用法,在suggestion, proposal, order, idea
18、, news, request,advice, demand, plan 等名词后面的表语从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形,should常省略。,My suggestion is that we (should) do the experiment again.,My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.,My suggestion that we (should) do the experiment again is accepted by them.,由as if,as though 引导的状语从句和表语
19、从句时,从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had过去分词”。(和虚拟条件谓语动词形式一样),4、as if,as though在状语从句和表语从句的用法,He behaves as if he owned the house.,( But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.),eg: He treats me as if I were a stranger.,eg: She talked about the film as if she had
20、really seen it.,It seems _ it _ already summer.,看起来好象到夏天了。,as if,were,他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。,她谈论那部影片,就好像她确实看过一样。,He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.,他说起英语来好像他是个英国人似的。,They talked about the city as if they had been there before.,他们谈论那座城市好像他们以前真去过那儿似的。,注意:如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。,6. It
21、 is strange that he _ (make) such a mistake. Thats unexpected. 7. It was required that each student _ (bring) enough food on the trip. 8. My demand is that you _ (get )up at six. 9. He speaks as if he _(be) an Englishman. 10. They talked as if they _ (be) good friends for years.,should make,bring,(s
22、hould) get,were,had been,C. 虚拟语气在某些句型中的应用,在It is (high) time (that)的句型中,定语从句的虚拟形式常用过去式或should动词原形(should不能省略),表示“现在该”,我们该走了。,It is time we left/ should leave.,Its the first time that I have been here.,1、在It is (high) time (that)的句型中,if only表示一种假设情况,意思是“要是就好了”,相当于主语wish。,要是今天是星期天就好了。,If only it were
23、Sunday today.,要是我没有丢掉我的车就好了。,If only I _my car.,hadnt lost,2、在If only 的句型中,What would you do with a million dollars?=if you had a million dollars,We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (if we hadnt got your help) But for rain(=If it hadnt been for the rain), we would have
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