2017年高二英语暑期作业复习方法策略15讲第14讲运用分析法和还原法解决难以掌握的特殊句式2017.wps
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1、第 1414 讲 运用分析法和还原法解决难以掌握的特殊句式 备考指导 特殊句式是历年高考中考查的一个考点,通常是以单项填空、语法填空和短文改 错的形式进行考查。书面表达中的高分句式通常是某些特殊句式,例如强调句、倒装句、省略 句等。解决特殊句式类题目通常使用的方法有:看是否是考查固定句型中固定用法,是否可以 运用分析句式结构与句子成分来判断,是否可以运用句子的语境和语义来判断,是否可以通过 运用还原法来做出正确的判断。 一、需要特别关注的高考热点 1 1倒装结构中的 4 4 个重要句型 (1)感叹句 What an interesting book it is! How interesting
2、 a book it is! 多有趣的一本书啊! How time flies! 光阴似箭! (2)The more.,the more. The harder you study,the better you will learn. 你学习越刻苦,你学得就越好。 在这个句型中,第一个句子相当于条件句,第二个句子是主句,所以可以改为:If you study harder,you will learn better. (3)however,whatever 引导的让步状语从句 However difficult the problem may be,you must work it out t
3、his evening. 不管这个问题有多么难,今晚你必须做出来。 Whatever reasons you have,you should carry out your promise. 无论你有什么理由,你都应该遵守你的诺言。 (4)as 和 though 引导的让步状语从句 Strange as/though it seems,it is true. 尽管看上去很奇怪,但是是真的。 Search as/though they would here and there,they could find nothing in the room. 尽管到处寻找,但是他们在房间里找不到任何东西。
4、1 Boy as he is,he knows a lot. 尽管他是个小孩,他知道的却很多。 2 2强调句型中的 6 6 个重点句式 (1)强调句型的疑问句 在强调句中,无论被强调部分是什么句子成分,变为一般疑问句时,都须将主句改为疑问语序, “即将 It is/was被强调部分that其他成分”“改为 Is/Was it被强调部分that其他 ”“成分? 或 疑问词is/was it that”其他成分? 结构。 Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy? When was it that she changed h
5、er mind? (2)在对 not.until 结构中的 until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时,要将句中的 not 移至 until之前,构成:It is/was not until.that.。注意 that 从句中的谓语动词要变 成肯定形式,而且不再采用倒装语序。 I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous f
6、ilm star. (3)如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时,从句必须使用陈述语序,不可用 疑问语序。 He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake. (4)强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。 在强调句型结构中,其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句 It is/was.保持一致。 It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter,isnt it? (5)强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。 在高考试题中,为了增加试题的难度,命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合
7、起来,使句子结构 “更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子,理清结构 强调句型与定语从句”。 It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her. (6)强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。 “当用强调句型强调时间状语时,去掉 it is/was”“和连词 that”原句仍然完整;而在时间状 “语从句中,若去掉 it is/was”“和连词 when/before”,原句不完整。 It was at 14:28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(强调句型) It was 14:28 whe
8、n the terrible earthquake broke out.(状语从句) 2 3 3省略句型中的特别关注点 单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词,常用在be afraid,expect,forget,hope, intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish等词后;或放在表情绪的词 后,代替被省略的动词,常见词有:glad,happy,pleased 等;但是,如果不定式中含有 be, have,have been,则要保留 be,have,have been。 I asked him to see the film,b
9、ut he didnt want to. Will you please look after my house when Im away? Im glad to. Are you a sailor? No.But I used to be. Your work hasnt been handed in,but it ought to have been. He hasnt finished it yet? Well,he ought to have. 4 4there there bebe句型的非谓语形式 Ive never dreamed of there being a picture
10、on the wall. 我从未想到墙上会有幅画。 I expect there to be many chances for her to get a job. 我希望她有很多机会找到工作。 There being ice on the road,I told the driver to slow down. 路上有冰,我让司机减速慢行。 There having been no water for two days,the travelers were all very thirsty. 因为两天没有水了,所有游客都非常渴了。 二、解决特殊句式题目的 3 3 种方法 方法 1 1 还原法
11、一般说来,对于一些特殊的句型,我们可以把它还原为正常的句型,如把倒装句还原为陈述句 等等。 典例展示 1 Only when Lily walked into the office _ she realised that she had left the contract at home. 答案 did “解析 only状语从句”置于句首时,主句需用部分倒装。根据从句中的 had left可知,主 3 句应用一般过去时,故填助动词 did。 典例展示 2 Is everyone here? Not yet.Look,there _ (come) the rest of our guests!
12、答案 come 解析 本句中 there放在句首,句子采用了倒装句式,谓语动词的单复数应该根据句子的主语 the rest of our guests 来判断。又由上句可知应用一般现在时,故填 come。 方法 2 2 结构分析法 在一些试题中要注意区别一些特殊的句型,如倒装句、强调句、反意疑问句、祈使句等。 典例展示 1 It was when we were returning home _ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. 答案 that 解析 去掉 It was及设空处后,句
13、意及句子结构依然完整,由此可判断该句为强调句式,其结 构 为:“It is/was 被强调部分 that 其他”。本句被强调部分为时间状语从句 when we were returning home。故填 that。 典例展示 2 Johns success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work _ has made him what he is today. 答案 that 解析 题干为强调句型,被强调部分为 years of hard work,故填 that。 方法 3 3 固定句型判断法 在平时的学习中,要掌
14、握各种句型,注意积累一些经典的句型,把它们运用到日常写作中,以 达到真正掌握的目的。 典例展示 English has a large vocabulary,hasnt it? Yes._ (know) more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. 答案 Know 解析 根据题干中的 and和 will就可以判断答案是 A“。 祈使句and/or主语will.” 结构,祈使句表示条件,相当于一个条件句,有时祈使句可用名词短语替代。 跟踪训练 考点突破 . .单句语法填空 4 1It
15、 was not the word you said _ angered Mr.Zhang, but how you said it. 2Only after Mary read her composition the second time _ she notice the spelling mistake. 3How is the man injured in the accident? The doctor said if _ (treat) in a proper way, he was likely to be saved. 4It was not until she lost he
16、r job _ she realized how important it is that one should study all the time. 5I may take a long lunch break tomorrow. If _, I can go to the hairdressers then. 6Absurd _ it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa. 7On the top of the hill _ (stand) a temple where the
17、old man once lived. 8_ fun it is to take a rest after a long run! 9Freddy gave him a job and housing and lent him pocket money while _ (train) him. 10He said, “What a beautiful day! _ I wish I could go back to sleep! But now I have to go out and find some food.” . .单句改错 1It also help me understand t
18、he proverb “Practice makes perfect”_ 2Eating snacks are a bad habit and is also a waste of money._ 3 You are the most considerate person who know exactly what I need in our class._ 4There are green grass and colorful flowers everywhere._ 5What you have gained are the result of your hard work._ 6. I
19、asked him to see the film, but he didnt want._ 7The old machine must be checked before used._ 8She rarely speaks to you in English, doesnt she?_ 9They had to cross the busy street, hadnt they?_ 10Only by shouting were he able to make himself heard._ 能力提升 5 阅读理解 A A If you are an experienced manager
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