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1、,core 核心 magma岩浆 plate tectonics板块构造 continental shelves大陆架 trench壕沟 folds 褶皱 weathering 存放在自然环境中 sediment 沉渣 erosion腐蚀 glaciers冰川 plateau 高原 alluvial 冲击 delta三角洲 1 回答者: 婉约圭臬 -,1.How many continents are there in the world ? What are they ?,2.How many oceans ? What are they ?,kntinnt,Oceania ,uieini,
2、Africa,Asia ei,Europe jurp,North America,Antarctica nt:ktik,South America,Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean psifik Atlantic Ocean the Arctic Ocean tlntik,Waikiki beach waikiki海滩,是世界上最有名的海滩之一。在waikiki海滩上,你可以充分感受到带有世界性特点的舒适的海岛魅力,因为世界各地的游客们和很多名人一起来到了这里。,Copacabana Beach 经常被称为世界上最有名的海滩。Copacabana海滩长4公里,范围从海滩地标
3、2到6。沙滩不但长,而且很宽。站在沙滩的外缘几乎看不见内侧的大街。,Bondi beach Bondi海滩是Syndey著名的海滩 ,离悉尼市中心仅有几分钟的路程。这里的沙子又细又软,海浪又大又急,是人们消闲运动的好地方;海滨救生员、快乐的冲浪者、袒胸的日光浴者和在沙滩上的食品推销者造就了这个澳大利亚最美丽和最具世界性的海滩。,Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠是世界最大的沙漠,几乎占满非洲北部全部。撒哈拉沙漠是世界上除南极洲之外最大的荒漠,位于非洲北部,气候条件极其恶劣,是地球上最不适合生物生长的地方之一。阿拉伯语撒哈拉意即“大荒漠”。,Arabian Desert 位于阿拉伯半岛的大沙
4、漠,面积达233万平方公里,为世界第二大沙漠。是世界上最神秘的沙漠,除有变化多端的漠地景致,连绵不断的沙丘轮廓线, 质地特殊的各色沙石以外,此地的住民是最神秘的阿拉伯游牧民族-贝都因人。,Taklimakan Desert 白天,塔克拉玛干赤日炎炎,银沙刺眼,沙面温度有时高达70-80度,旺盛的蒸发,使地表景物飘忽不定,沙漠旅人常常会看到远方出现朦朦胧胧的“海市蜃楼”。沙漠四周,沿叶尔羌河、塔里木河、和田河和车尔臣河两岸,生长发育着密集的胡杨林和柽柳灌木,形成“沙海绿岛”。,Black Forest,是德国最大的森林山脉,之所以称其为“黑森林”,是因为山上林区内的森林密布,远远望去显得黑压压的
5、一片.许多格林童话中的故事,比如白雪公主、灰姑娘发生在黑森林。,大约700年前,在诺丁汉以北广阔的舍伍德森林中,有一伙以罗宾汉为首的绿林好汉,他们揭竿而起,劫富济贫,据说罗宾汉死于1247年11月18日,就在弥留之际他还射出一支箭,罗宾汉的朋友-小约翰便在箭所射中的地方埋葬了这位好汉。,Sherwood Forest,Capitol Hill 美国国会的办公大楼,建在一处海拔为83英尺的高地上,故名国会山。也就是通常说的国会大厦, 尽管地理上并不在华盛顿特区的中心,但是还是由于它的特殊地位而成为大家关注的焦点。,Bunker Hill 美国马萨诸塞州波士顿港北方的小山。美国独立战争时期的古战场
6、。当时有1,600名义勇军同优势的英国正规军激战,英军死伤达千人,大大鼓舞了义勇军的士气。山顶建有66米高的邦克山战迹纪念塔。,Beverly Hills 贝弗利山是美国加利福尼亚州南部一个城市,为洛杉矶围绕,毗邻好莱坞,以作为电影界人物的时髦居住地区而闻名,是非常清洁的地区。这个区域的高级住宅区被称为“白金三角”,,Puerto Rico 位于加勒比海, 美国的一个州.其中西班牙人和葡萄牙人的后裔占99.9。官方语言为西班牙语,通用英语。居民多信奉天主教。首府圣胡安。,摩洛哥 非洲西北部的一个国家。英文名称:The Kingdom of Morocco, 首都:拉巴特(Rabat),梵蒂冈
7、世界上最小的国家。位于意大利首都罗马城西北角的梵蒂冈高地上。 英文名称:The Vatican City State, .首都:梵蒂冈城 人口数量:1400人 人口密度:3181人/平方公里国土面积:0.44平方公里,Niagara Falls :北美东北部尼亚加拉河上的大瀑布,是连接伊利湖和安大略湖的一条水道,全长仅54公里,海拔却从174米直降至75米,水面落差仅15米,水流也较缓,安赫尔瀑布(Angel Falls)世界十二大瀑布之一。是世界上落差最大的瀑布,从平顶高原的陡壁直泻而下,几乎未触及陡崖,落差达979.6米,大约是尼亚加拉瀑布高度的18倍。,Caspian Sea,亚洲与欧洲
8、之间,是世界上最大的湖泊,也是世界上最大的咸水湖,整个海域狭长,相当全世界湖泊总面积(270万平方公里)的14,比著名的北美五大湖面积总和(24.5万平方公里)还大出51。,(里海卫星图片, 左上角为伏尔加河入湖处),苏必利尔湖(Lake Superior)为美国和加拿大共有,,苏必利尔湖是世界上第二大湖泊,也是世界上第一大淡水湖.,阿空加瓜山(Cerro Aconcagua)地球上最高的火山 海拔6959米 ,是南美洲最高峰。是一座死火山。冰雪厚达90米左右.,珠穆朗玛峰(藏语Qomolangma,西方通称埃佛勒斯峰(Mount Everest),萨加玛塔峰),高达8844.43米.,富士山
9、 富士山(,FujiSan)是日本第一高峰,主峰海拔3776公尺,, 是日本国内的最高峰,也是是世界上最大的活火山之一,目前处于休眠状态,但地质学家仍然把它列入活火山之类。,四大洋中面积最大的是(太平洋 ),面积最小的是(北冰洋 ) 七大洲按面积从大到小把它们名称排列下来: 亚洲 非洲 北美洲 南美洲 南极洲 欧洲 大洋洲,Writing:South Koreas best kept secret,A brief introduction of Huizhou,Daya Bay,The West Lake,ropeway,Chongxu Temple,Jiutian Temple,Huizho
10、u,Huizhou,located in south-east of Guangdong and next to Daya Bay, is a small city with a long history. It has an area of 11200 square kilometres and a population of 3,210,000. Huizhou is famous for the West Lake and Mount Luofu.,In the West Lake ,you can enjoy the nice scenery, have a boat tour and
11、 visit the site of Su Dongpo. Many kinds of birds live here in the trees around the lake. Different kinds of birds fly and sing over the lake. Its a nice view which impresses the visitors a lot.,Mount Luofu is 60 km away from Huizhou city. Its famous for Taoism and peaks in Guangdong as well. There
12、are more than 432peaks, 980 springs and waterfalls and 18 caves here. The Chongxu Ancient Temple is one of the most ten famous temples in China. If you want to get to the highest peak, you can climb the mountain along the path or take the ropeway. Every year, there are more than 2 million visitors c
13、oming to Huizhou. I hope you will be one of them some day in the future.,Lake Baikal贝加尔湖,2100多年前,汉武帝击败匈奴,然后派苏武出使匈奴以商谈和约。汉江卫律的部将打算劫走匈奴旦靼单于的母亲,与苏武一道归汉。不料事情败露,苏武也受牵连,被单于流放到“北海”去牧羊。苏武在北海边艰难熬过19年,拒绝了匈奴的多次高官利诱,最后回到汉都长安。这就是流传千百年的“苏武牧羊”的佳话。 贝加尔湖是欧亚第一淡水湖,也是世界上最深和蓄水量最大的淡水湖。美国湖泊专家考察队,还有非专业的自愿者先后于年、年,联合俄罗斯科学家,两
14、次合作对贝加尔进行综合考察,终于揭开了它的神秘面纱。,被誉为“珍奇海洋博物馆”的贝加尔湖,独有的动植物种类最多,在多个物种中,有的物种,以及个科和亚科及个属的物种是该湖独有的。如贝加尔海豹、鲨鱼、海螺等,海豹在贝加尔的出现,可以说是一件最令人不解的事情,查阅地史资料,贝加尔湖所在的中西伯利亚高原,亿多年内不曾被海水淹没过。,单于对苏武说,要等到公羊产奶才能回来。从地形上看,贝加尔湖边并不适合放牧。那么,苏武到底在什么地方牧羊呢? 据汉书记载,苏武初到北海牧羊的时候,由于单于不向他提供口粮,他只好从野鼠穴内掘取草籽充饥。由此判断,苏武放牧的地方应当是离贝加尔湖稍远一点的草地,公元前95年,苏武曾
15、陪同单于的弟弟到湖畔打猎。在这段时间,苏武曾无数次来到贝加尔湖。在打猎过程中,苏武凭着自己的本事得到了单于弟弟的信任。单于弟弟就把许多牲畜、衣服、穹庐(帐篷)送给了苏武。从此,苏武的生活明显改善。单于弟弟死后,由于牛羊被人盗走,苏武的生活急转直下。,Chile 智利,Easter island,位於太平洋的复活岛,面积大约118平方公里,人口大约二千人。这个不毛之地,曾有过相当伟 大的历史。在岛上有三百五十处石造坛及一千多尊巨石人像。这岛的文明起源,至今仍众说纷纭,而人们亦将这些巨石像叫作毛亚(moai)。最矮的毛亚为三公尺,最高的达二十公尺。以火山凝灰岩造成。另外在毛亚的下方有超过三百五十个
16、祭坛。大多数的毛亚也在拉诺凿制。拉诺是座死火山,人们便是利用那儿的岩石造毛亚。而雕刻用的工具则是用火山爆发时喷出的玄武岩造成。在拉诺火山的山坡,目前还有一百五十尊未完成的毛亚。 。考古学家推测,岛上的原居民应来自西面的泥利尼西亚人,或印度、欧洲、埃及和北非等,但亦有人怀疑是落难的外星人,在岛上建造约一千个巨大石像,作为向外太空求救之用。这个蕴藏了无数秘密的海岛,原名叫Rapa Nui,意指“世界的肚脐”,直至一七二二年,荷兰人於复活节当日,首次发现了这个小岛,将它命名为“复活节岛”。 曾经有过风光文明的复活岛之所以没落,到现在仍有很多不同的说法;而最多人认同的是由於不断地制造毛亚而没落的,主要
17、是因为制造毛亚不但要大量的人力物力,最重要的是需要大量的树木作杠杆,久而久之,岛上的树木渐渐地消失。这造成严重的水土流失,肥沃的表土被侵蚀。土地瘦脊,加上人口急剧增加,以及天灾、内部战争等使其没落。,Enviroment,serious,protect,For example,make great efforts,Besides,Furthermore,Taking good care of,Taking good care of,Its our duty to,Water pollution( Air pollution (smoke and dust , carbon dioxide ,c
18、arbon sulphur ,) Noise pollution solid wa ste pollution (the white pollution , Used batteries pollution ),consequence,global warming greenhouse effect Desertification Acid rain ozone hole,Energy conservation Water conservation Material selection Use of renewable materials Occupant health and indoor
19、environment quality Site ecology -Recycling,一、考试说明 “城市环境问题”是今年的新题,最近频频出现于各大赛区的考试中。考生向考官简述自己城市的一个常见环境问题后,在第三部分里会围绕环境污染和保护的方方面面与其展开讨论。在“真题演练”部分我以北京的沙尘暴为例,给出了一个参考性框架。在“话题相关材料”部分,大家可以看到一位印度作家在报纸上讲述印度的白色污染,里面有很多词组和想法很适合口语和写作。 二、真题演练 Describe an environmental problem in your country. You should say: what
20、this problem is what the causes of the problem are how this problem affects people and explain how this problem could be solved. 参考答案 1、点题。Dust storm Problem in northern China Early spring, Strong winds carry sand from Gobi desert. 让我担心(has me worried) 2、原因。two major reasons Strong winds, desertific
21、ation, Overuse of farmland and overgrazing 植被破坏(deforestation),romove tons of topsoil a day. 3、影响。Badly. Yellow, poor visibility. 戴face masks, respiratory disease. 引发健康问题(cause health problems) 4、解决。复杂,简单解决方案. 最简单,Plant trees 最好的,turn cultivated land back into grasslands and forests. This is an impo
22、rtant measure to control water loss and soil erosion.,三、背景阅读 摘自The Hindu, Saturday, Jul 06, 2002 Plastic Pollution USHA JESUDASAN Walk down any city street or village road, turn any corner, find a spot at the beach or in a park and you will find mounds and mounds of dirty plastic bags, food wrapping
23、s, plastic cups, bottles and cartons lie piled high, or blocking drainage systems and sewers. The road outside our house is littered with flimsy multi-coloured plastic bags. The wind blows these bags into the open gutter. The bags collect and block the gutter which then spills on to the road. Mosqui
24、toes thrive in the stagnant water. Pigs and rats wallow in the slime, carrying disease. The place stinks and the air is polluted. The garbage men refuse to clean the gutters. they are only paid to clear the litter off the streets! So the clutter and slime increases every week. Who is responsible for
25、 all this litter and mess and the polluted atmosphere? We are of course! Every one of us. Although each one of us contributes to the problem, none of us is willing to be part of the solution to it. So the Tamil Nadu Government is keen on taking a drastic step to curb the use of plastics and make the
26、 roads clean and environmentally safe. The governments desire to introduce a bill that would ban plastic bags and other plastic items is a desperate attempt to control the huge environmental and health hazards that face us today. Despite my desire to see a clean environment and have a clean road I w
27、onder what will we do without all the plastic things in our lives? The many uses of disposable plastic that we use everyday comes to mind, gloves, pens, cups, bottles, cans can we really do without these? Do we see the proposed ban as a necessary measure? Or will it be fought against with passion by
28、 the plastic industry? Each year, as industry produces more and more non-essential products individually and excessively packaged in plastic, we throw away more and more trash. Plastic razors can only be used a few times before disposal, then more must be bought, making the plastic and razor industr
29、ies rich and happy. Pens used to be filled with ink, today we use them, throw them away and go out and buy another one. The pen industries make a lot of money too. Many household appliances are designed to become obsolete within a short duration and that guarantees that youll just have to buy new on
30、es next year. To a large extent, our garbage problem is a result of a corporate business ethic that puts profits before people and the environment. Industry pushes the advantages of “disposability to the public because it suits them and it pays well. The profit from disposability goes into the pocke
31、ts of only a few but the hazards of disposability are faced by many more. The proposed ban makes me realise that each one of us should develop a sense of responsibility not just towards the litter on our roads but also towards the things we buy and use and throw away.,about enviromental problem.(3 e
32、ssays) (1)how to Solve the Energy Shortage(如何解决能源短缺问题) Energy shortage is a very serious problem in the world. Many people worry that energy resources on the earth will be exhausted if we use them in an unchecked way. This, most people agree, will cause serious problems and even crisis and jeopardiz
33、e the survival of mankind . On the one hand, most people agree that the problem can be solved in one way or another. One is to conserve and save our energy. Energy refers not only to coal, oil, or natural gases but also to goods, land and water, etc. Most countries have realized the wastefulness in
34、their using of energy. They are trying to conserve energy. For example, some countries have a daylight saving system to use less electricity for lighting. Some cities have enforced water savers at public such as restrooms and bars. Some have enforced serious penalties on overuse of electricity, wate
35、r, and farming land. By these means, people hope the drain on energy resources could be slowed down. However, conservation alone cannot solve the problem. Another way, perhaps the best I think, is to develop new energy resources. Obviously, no matter how hard we try to save energy resources and how
36、abundant they are, we will use them up sooner or later. I think there are many energy resources that we can develop and utilize. We dont have to depend only on the current conventional energy resources. There are many other energy resources that we can develop such as nuclear power, waterpower and s
37、olar power. These resources, if developed, can completely replace the conventional energy and thus solve the problem of energy shortage. (2)The Problems of Plastic Bags (胶袋问题) Plastic bags have found their way into a wide area of everyday life. They are applied in big supermarkets, ordinary shops, s
38、mall stores and street markets. People put in plastic bags everything they buy. They no longer need to carry cloth bags, leather bags or basket bags with them when go shopping. Obviously it is very convenient for plastic bags to be used in peoples everyday life. They are also very cheap. They are us
39、ually offered free of charge. However, plastic bags also bring us side effects. Some people throw away plastic bags causally. This causes the white pollution to our environment , which is very harmful because plastic bags can not disappear by natural decomposition. This is certainly not beneficial t
40、o our future. People have to be careful with the use of plastic bags. They should make sure they put the sued plastic bags into the dustbin when they want to dispose of them. It also might be better for people to use the traditional cloth bags to hold the goods they buy instead of using plastic bags
41、. (3)Man and Environment (人类和环境) (1)The world we live in is becoming more and more intolerable because of environmental destruction. (2)A lot of measures have been taken (3)However, the problem of environmental protection remains far from being solved. The world we live in is becoming more and more
42、intolerable because of environmental destruction. For example , forest destruction results in decrease of planting land and unpleasant weather. In addition, man is faced with problems of water pollution and air pollution. A lot of measures have been taken. Planting trees helps improve and beautify t
43、he environment. Besides, laws concerning environmental protection have been put into effect and achieved good results. However, the problem of environmental protection remains far from being solved. On the one hand, the environment pollution and destruction are getting worse and worse in the modern world. On the other hand, the lack of knowledge about the importance of protecting environment hinders the solving of the problem. In a word, there is a long way to go before we enjoy a clean and comfortable world.,
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