Living En时vironment - Quia生活环境的权威.ppt
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1、New York State Required Labs Review Diffusion Through A Membrane Making Connections Beaks of Finches Relationships and Biodiversity,Diffusion Through a Membrane,Diffusion Through A Membrane,indicator chemically indicates if a substance is present by changing color,iodine = starch indicator solution
2、Benedicts solution = glucose indicator solution must be heated,Diffusion Through A Membrane,diffusion movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration no energy needed (passive transport),Diffusion Through A Membrane,we used a dialysis tube to simulate a sem
3、i-permeable cell membrane the dialysis tube was filled with glucose solution and starch solution, sealed and rinsed with water it was placed in a beaker with water and iodine and allowed to sit,Diffusion Through A Membrane,results of starch test inside and outside of cell,Diffusion Through a Membran
4、e,results of glucose test outside of cell,Diffusion Through a Membrane,Diffusion Through A Membrane,glucose molecule,part of a starch molecule,Diffusion Through a Membrane,osmosis diffusion of water across a semi- permeable cell membrane from region of high concentration to a region of low concentra
5、tion no energy needed (passive transport),Diffusion Through a Membrane,Diffusion Through a Membrane,cell wall,cytoplasm,red onion cells in tap water,cell membrane,Diffusion Through a Membrane,bathing the cells in 10% NaCl = salt water, by “wicking” it through,NaCl,Diffusion Through a Membrane,red on
6、ion cells in salt water,cytoplasm,cell wall,cell membrane,Diffusion Through A Membrane,bathing the cells in distilled water, by “wicking” it through,Diffusion Through a Membrane,cell wall,cytoplasm,red onion cells in distilled water returned to normal,cell membrane,Diffusion Through A Membrane,Which
7、 is in distilled water and which is in salt water?,Diffusion Through A Membrane,Applications salt on roads to melt snow intravenous saline solutions salty foods make you thirsty salt on slugs to kill them salty foods do not spoil as easily gargling with salt water digestion of starch to glucose,Maki
8、ng Connections,Making Connections Part A: Looking for Patterns A1. What Is Your Pulse Rate?,pulse results from expansion of arteries each time your heart beats to send a surge of blood through your body,measured pulse three times and found average pulse rate tallied class average pulse rates,Making
9、Connections Part A: Looking for Patterns A1. What Is Your Pulse Rate?,Making Connections Part A: Looking for Patterns A1. What Is Your Pulse Rate?,after exercise, pulse increased heart beats faster - increasing circulation - to carry more oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body breathe faster
10、to obtain more O2 and release CO2 respiratory and circulatory systems working together to maintain homeostasis,Making Connections Part A: Looking for Patterns A2. How Does Fatigue Affect Muscle Performance?,squeezed clothespin for one minute counted squeezed again for one minute using same hand the
11、second time number of squeezes was lower due to muscle fatigue,Making Connections Part B: Investigating Claims,claims are accepted if there is evidence to support them,Student A claims more clothespin squeezes in 1 minute if exercises 1st faster pulse rate, blood getting to muscles faster,Student B
12、claims more clothespin squeezes in 1 minute if rests 1st exercise uses energy - resting person will have more energy,conduct a controlled experiment to determine which claim is correct,Making Connections Part B: Investigating Claims,Experimental Design,Question: Can you squeeze a clothespin more tim
13、es in one minute if you exercise or rest beforehand?,Hypothesis: (tentative statement about the expected relationship between the variables) You can squeeze a clothespin more times in one minute if you rest first.,Title: The Effect of Exercise and Rest on Clothespin Squeezing Rate,Making Connections
14、 Part B: Investigating Claims,Experimental Design,Dependent variable: (what you measure) number of times the clothespin can be squeezed in one minute,Independent variable: (the one we vary to see how it affects the dependent variable) amount of exercise,Variables that must be controlled (kept consta
15、nt): type of clothespin fingers used time of exercise/rest time of squeezing same hand for each trial,* use maximum sample size and number of trials in experiment *,Making Connections Part B: Investigating Claims,Experimental Design,half of class rests and half of class exercises then all count numb
16、er of clothespin squeezes in one minute,OR,whole class rests and counts number of clothespin squeezes in one minute then whole class exercises and counts number of clothespin squeezes,Making Connections Part B: Investigating Claims,Final Report,Title Hypothesis Materials and Methods materials used a
17、nd what you did Data Collected includes data tables and graphs Discussion and Conclusions does data support or refute hypothesis and explanation Suggestions for Improvement sources of error, variables that must be controlled and that influenced outcome Suggestions for further research new research q
18、uestions,Making Connections Part B: Investigating Claims,Peer Review,Defending findings and conclusions to peers:,presentation address final report answer questions visual aids,Results and conclusions accepted if they can be repeated by other scientists,Beaks of Finches,Beaks of Finches,Charles Darw
19、in,Beaks of Finches,Darwins finches show great variation in beak adaptations shapes and sizes - due to isolation of bird populations on islands with different kinds and amounts of food,Beaks of Finches,different tools represent different beaks seeds (small and large) represent food tray represents t
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