高二英语虚拟语气的运用解析.docx
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1、精选word文档 下载编辑打印 虚拟语气的运用解析【学习目标】1. 初步了解虚拟语气的结构1. 能对简单的虚拟语气进行运用【教学重难点】对隐含条件的虚拟语气和从句中虚拟语气的运用 语气有三种:陈述语气、虚拟语气、祈使语气。虚拟语气,表示说话人的假设、猜测、建议或愿望,而不表示客观存在的事实。第一部分 虚拟语气用于含(或隐含)条件状语从句的复合句来源:Zxxk.Com一、 基本情况1、与现在事实相反表示与现在事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be的过去式一般用were)”;而主句中的谓语动词用“would(should, could, might)+动词原形”。例如:If h
2、e had time, he would attend the meeting.If I were you, I would go to look for him.If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.If they were here now, they would help you.练练看If they (have) time, they (study) Italian too.If there (be) no gravity, we (not be) able to walk.2、与过去事实相反表示与过去的事实相反
3、的假设时,条件状语从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”;主句中的谓语动词用“would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词” 例如:If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the examination.If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen him.If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.【练练看】The rice _ (not burn) if you _ (be) more
4、careful yesterday.If my lawyer _ (be) here last Saturday, he _ (prevent) me from going.3、与将来事实可能相反表示与将来事实相反的假设时,条件从句和主句所用的谓语动词 与“表示与现在事实相反的假设”的谓语动词相同,或者条件从句中用“were to (should)+动词原形”。例如:If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. If it sh
5、ould snow tomorrow, they couldnt go out.【练练看】If he (go) tomorrow, he (tell) you.小结 请填好以下表格与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实可能相反主句从句注意:even if/though引导从句用于虚拟语气的形式与if从句相同。Even though I had been very busy then, I would have helped you.二、 特殊情况1、主句和从句的谓语动词所指的时间不同(错综时态虚拟)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要依据它所表示的时间来调
6、整。If you had worked hard, you would be very tired.If you hadnt watched that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy now. Many dead people would now be alive if they had not attempted to return for something. If Paul had received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman n
7、ow.【练练看】If you (ask) him yesterday, you ( know) what to do now.If it (rain) last night, it (be) very cold today.2、隐含条件隐含条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。Without air, there would be no living things.=If there _(be) no air, there would be no living things.I was very tired
8、. Otherwise, I would have gone to help you.=If I had not been very tired, I would have gone to help you. But for the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy life today.=If there hadnt been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy life today. 3、无主句的虚拟条件句(if only意为“但
9、愿, 要是就好了”,通常用过去时或过去完成时)If only I were a bird.If only I had taken his advice.If only the alarm clock had rung.来源:Z+xx+k.ComIf only he _(come) early tomorrow.4、虚拟条件句的倒装(if的省略现象)虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should或had(须为助动词或意为“有”),可将if省略,再把were,should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。Were they here now, they could help us.=If th
10、ey were here now, they could help us.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.=If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=If it should rain, the crops would be saved.请把下列句子恢复成正常语序的句子Were I in school again, I would work harder. =_Had you been here e
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