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1、1,力学 mechanics 牛顿力学 Newtonian mechanics 经典力学 classical mechanics 静力学 statics 运动学 kinematics 动力学 dynamics 动理学 kinetics 宏观力学 macroscopic mechanics, macromechanics 细观力学 mesomechanics 微观力学 microscopic mechanics, micromechanics 一般力学 general mechanics 固体力学 solid mechanics 流体力学 fluid mechanics 理论力学 theoret
2、ical mechanics 应用力学 applied mechanics 工程力学 engineering mechanics 实验力学 experimental mechanics 计算力学 computational mechanics 理性力学 rational mechanics 物理力学 physical mechanics 地球动力学 geodynamics 分析力学 analytical mechanics,2,力 force 作用点 point of action 作用线 line of action 力系 system of forces 力系的简化 reduction o
3、f force system 等效力系 equivalent force system 刚体 rigid body 力的可传性 transmissibility of force 平行四边形定则 parallelogram rule 力三角形 force triangle 力多边形 force polygon 零力系 null-force system 平衡 equilibrium 力的平衡 equilibrium of forces 平衡条件 equilibrium condition 平衡位置 equilibrium position 平衡态 equilibrium state,静平衡 s
4、tatic balancing 动平衡 dynamic balancing 静不平衡 static unbalance 动不平衡 dynamic unbalance 现场平衡 field balancing 不平衡 unbalance 不平衡量 unbalance 本构关系 constitutive relation,3,Modal analysis 模态分析,1.Finite element modal analysis of ground driving system for progressing cavity pump; 螺杆泵井地面驱动系统的有限元模态分析 2.Fluid-solid
5、 coupling modal analysis on G70B train oil tank; G70B列车油罐液固耦合模态分析 3.Experimental Modal Analysis on Back Cover of Computer; 基于模态分析对电脑显示器后壳的研究,4,mode analysis 模态分析,1.Mode analysis of finite element on a crankshaft by using APDL language to set up Three-dimensional model; APDL参数化三维建模的曲轴有限元模态分析 2.Emulat
6、ion and mode analysis of the long-span steel arch bridge; 大跨度钢拱桥的仿真与模态分析 3.Application of mode analysis in hydraulic turbine; 模态分析在水轮机中的应用,5,Modal analysis 模拟分析法,1.The Application of ANSYS in Model Analysis of CNC Lathe; ANSYS在数控机床模态分析中的应用 2.Finite element model analysis of slingshot substructure of
7、 ZJ70D drilling rig; ZJ70D型钻机双升式底座有限元模态分析 3.The finite element modeling and model analysis of the teleconsulting vehicle compartment; 远程会诊车车厢有限元建模与模态分析,6,modality analysis 模式分析,1.Finite element modality analysis of single cylinder crankshaft crack based on CAD modeling; 基于CAD建模的单缸曲轴裂纹的有限元模态分析 2.Rest
8、raint modality analysis on spatial mechanical arm; 空间机械臂约束模态分析 3.Treatment of hinge link in finite element modality analysis of flexible bodied mechanism; 柔体机构有限元模态分析中铰链联接的处理,7,1 振动信号的时域、频域描述,振动过程 (Vibration Process) 简谐振动 (Harmonic Vibration) 周期振动 (Periodic Vibration) 准周期振动 (Ouasi-periodic Vibration
9、) 瞬态过程 (Transient Process) 随机振动过程 (Random Vibration Process) 振幅 (Amplitude) 相位 (Phase) 初相位 (Initial Phase) 频率 (Frequency) 角频率 (Angular Frequency) 周期 (Period) 复数振动 (Complex Vibration) 复数振幅 (Complex Amplitude),8,峰值 (Peak-value) 平均绝对值 (Average Absolute Value) 有效值 (Effective Value,RMS Value) 均值 (Mean Va
10、lue,Average Value) 线性谱 (Linear Spectrum) 幅值谱 (Amplitude Spectrum) 相位谱 (Phase Spectrum) 均方值 (Mean Square Value) 方差 (Variance) 协方差 (Covariance) 高斯概率分布 (Gaussian Probability Distribution) 概率密度 (Probability Density),9,阻尼固有频率 (Damped Natural Frequency) 对数减幅系数 (Logarithmic Decrement) 主频率 (Principal Freque
11、ncy) 无阻尼模态频率 (Undamped Modal Frequency),模态 (Mode) 主振动 (Principal Vibration) 振型 (Mode Shape) 振型矢量 (Vector Of Mode Shape) 模态矢量 (Modal Vector) 振型矩阵 (Matrix Of Modal Shape) 模态矩阵 (Modal Matrix),10,结构力学 structural mechanics,结构分析 structural analysis 结构动力学 structural dynamics 拱 Arch 三铰拱 three-hinged arch 抛物
12、线拱 parabolic arch 圆拱 circular arch 穹顶 Dome 空间结构 space structure 空间桁架 space truss 雪载荷 snow load 风载荷 wind load 土压力 earth pressure 地震载荷 earthquake loading 弹簧支座 spring support,11,支座位移 support displacement 支座沉降 support settlement 超静定次数 degree of indeterminacy 机动分析 kinematic analysis,结点法 method of joints
13、截面法 method of sections 结点力 joint forces 共轭位移 conjugate displacement 影响线 influence line 三弯矩方程 three-moment equation 单位虚力 unit virtual force 刚度系数 stiffness coefficient 柔度系数 flexibility coefficient 力矩分配 moment distribution 力矩分配法 moment distribution method 力矩再分配 moment redistribution 分配系数 distribution f
14、actor,12,单元刚度矩阵 element stiffness matrix 单元应变矩阵 element strain matrix 总体坐标 global coordinates 概率断裂力学 probabilistic fracture Mechanics 应力强度因子 stress intensity factor 守恒积分 conservation integral 有效应力张量 effective stress tensor,13,脆性损伤 brittle damage 延性损伤 ductile damage 损伤准则 damage criterion 疲劳 Fatigue,1
15、4,加权残量法 weighted residual method 有限差分法 finite difference method 配点法 point collocation 里茨法 Ritz method 广义变分原理 generalized variational Principle 最小二乘法 least square method 修正变分原理 modified variational Principle 约束变分原理 constrained variational Principle 混合法 mixed method 杂交法 hybrid method 边界解法 boundary sol
16、ution method 有限条法 finite strip method 半解析法 semi-analytical method,有限单元法 finite element method,15,强迫边界条件 forced boundary condition 自然边界条件 natural boundary condition 离散化 Discretization 离散系统 discrete system 连续问题 continuous problem 广义位移 generalized displacement 广义载荷 generalized load 广义应变 generalized str
17、ain 广义应力 generalized stress,节点 node, nodal point 节点号 node number 单元 Element 单元号 element number 角节点 corner node 边节点 mid-side node 内节点 internal node 无节点变量 nodeless variable,16,杆元 bar element 桁架杆元 truss element 梁元 beam element 二维元 two-dimensional element 一维元 one-dimensional element 三维元 three-dimensiona
18、l element 轴对称元 axisymmetric element 板元 plate element 壳元 shell element 厚板元 thick plate element 三角形元 triangular element 四边形元 quadrilateral element 四面体元 tetrahedral element 曲线元 curved element 二次元 quadratic element 线性元 linear element 三次元 cubic element 四次元 quartic element 等参数元 isoparametric element,17,局部
19、坐标系 local coordinate system 局部坐标 local coordinate 面积坐标 area coordinates 体积坐标 volume coordinates 曲线坐标 curvilinear coordinates,模态叠加法 mode superposition method 平衡迭代 equilibrium iteration,网格生成 mesh generation 结构分析程序 structural analysis program 前处理 pre-processing 后处理 post-processing 网格细化 mesh refinement
20、应力光顺 stress smoothing 组合结构 composite structure,18,岩石力学 rock mechanics 原始岩体应力 virgin rock stress 构造应力 tectonic stress 三轴压缩试验 three-axial compression test 三轴拉伸试验 three-axial tensile test 三轴试验 triaxial test 岩层静态应力 lithostatic stress 地压强 geostatic pressure 土力学 soil mechanics,19,各向异性弹性 Anisotropic elasti
21、city 热弹性 Thermoelasticity 超弹性 Hyperelasticity 粘弹性 Viscoelasticity,非线性弹性 Nonlinear elasticity 大挠度 Large deflection 简单加载 Simple loading 比例加载 Proportional loading 卸载 Unloading 本构方程 constitutive equation 等效应力 equivalent stress 等效应变 equivalent strain 各向同性强化 isotropic hardening 强化模量 strain-hardening modul
22、us 理想弹塑性材料 elastic-perfectly plastic Material,20,Gauss quadrature (Gauss-Legendre quadrature) (高斯面积法),Make base points also variables(变量), thus there are 2n parameters(参数), hence a polynomial(多项式) of order (2n-1) will be integrated exactly. Using this idea the weights and base points are determined.
23、 It turns out that the base points are the roots of Legendre Polynomials(勒让德多项式系 ).,21,Rock Mechanics,Rock is the “home” of oil and gas or “the house of hydrocarbons.” The mechanical behavior (力学性能)of rock and the external factors such as in-situ stresses(地应力), pore pressure(空隙压力), and temperature g
24、overns all aspects of completion, stimulation, and production。 Ignoring this may lead to numerous problems,22,The study of the physical characteristics(物理参数) and behavior of rock. Rock mechanics can include analysis of and relationships between properties such as velocity(速度), density(密度), porosity(
25、孔隙), permeability(渗透率), shear strength(剪切强度), and bending(弯曲) and crushing(挤压) behavior, as well as the greater geological(地质(学)的) context of forces that deform strata (地层,岩层)and produce geological structures.,23,Drilling The process of breaking the rock and creating a hole disturbs the existing str
26、ess state leading to stress concentration around the borehole,24,平面4 节点广义等参单元,在文献 1 建立的广义平面矩形单元的基础上, 建立了平面4 节点广义等参单元, 并进行了深入研究, 包括分片试验、单元的变形模态以及形函数的影响等。通过典型算例, 对单元的性能进行了检验, 数值结果表明, 常规情况下建立的广义等参单元较传统单元具有更高的计算精,25,Plane 4 node generalized isoparametric element,Based on the generalized rectangular elem
27、ent constructed in our previous work 1 , a plane 4 node generalized isoparametric element is developed. The patch test , deformation model of the element and influence of the shape functions, etc, are studied in mo re details. Typical numerical examples are given to test the basic proper ties o f th
28、e element and the results show that generally the new element has more accuracy than the convent ional element .,26,孔隙水压力围压作用下砂岩力学特性的试验研究,EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF SANDSTONE UNDER PORE WATER PRESSURE AND CONFINING PRESSURE,Abstract Testing study is made on sandstone under two type
29、s of triaxial compression experiments with rock mechanic system MTS815. Based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion,under the condition of non-pore water pressure and different confining pressures,the influence of confining pressure on the parameters such as peak failure strength 1max ,axial strain 1max ,sh
30、ear strength and normal stress is analyzed;under the condition of pore pressure and constant confining pressure,the influence of pore water pressure P on the parameters such as peak failure strength 1max and the corresponding axial strain 1max,effective peak intensity 1max ,effective confining press
31、ure 3 ,effective shear strength and effective normal stress is analyzed. The following conclusions are drawn:,27,(1) Under the condition of pore water pressure,with the increase of the effective confining pressure,the effective peak failure strength 1max increases. Under the same confining pressure,
32、however,with the increase of the pore water pressure,the effective peak failure strength 1max reduces. (2) Under either the condition of non-pore water pressure or pore water pressure,both unary quadratic equation and linear equation are fit for the stress-strain relationship;And the corresponding i
33、ntensity curve is in good agreement with the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. (3) The effective shear strength reduction factor can well demonstrate the influence of the pore water pressure on the effective shear strength. Key words:rock mechanics;sandstone;triaxial compression test;pore water pressure;stren
34、gth,28,摘要:利用MTS815 岩石力学测试系统进行两类三轴压缩对比试验:一类是非充水条件下不同围压时的三轴压缩试验;一类是充水条件且围压保持恒定时不同孔隙水压力作用下的三轴压缩试验。基于莫尔库仑准则,分析非充水条件下,不同围压3 作用对细砂岩的峰值破坏强度1max 及其对应的轴向应变1max 、剪切强度 和正应力 等参数的影响;充水条件下,围压3 恒定时不同孔隙水压力P 作用对细砂岩的峰值破坏强度1max 及其对应的轴向应变1max 、有效峰值破坏强度1max 、有效围压3 、有效剪切强度 和有效正应力 等参数的影响。研究结果表明:(1) 充水条件下,随着有效围压3 的增加,有效峰值破
35、坏强度1max 呈增大的趋势,但在相同围压条件下随孔隙水压力P 的增加有效峰值破坏强度 1max 呈逐渐减小的趋势;(2) 非充水条件下的 - 曲线和充水条件下的 - 曲线既可采用一元二次方程拟合,也可采用线性方程拟合,其相应强度曲线均能较好地符合莫尔库仑准则;(3) 有效剪切强度折减系数K 可以较好地表征孔隙水压力P 对有效剪切强度 的影响。 关键词:岩石力学;砂岩;三轴压缩试验;孔隙水压力;强度,29,LOADING RATE DEPENDENCY OF STRESS-STRAIN CURVE IN POST-FAILURE REGION OF ROCKS,强度破坏点后岩石应力应变曲线荷载
36、速率依存性研究,30,Abstract:The loading rate dependency of stress-strain curve at very low stress level in the post-failure region is investigated with three testing methods. A testing method,in which a single rock sample is loaded at alternating loading rate with a predetermined strain interval,is applied
37、to Sanjome andesite,Inada granite and Tage tuff.With this method,two stress-strain curves corresponding to the two loading rates can be obtained. Experimental results indicated that loading rate dependency of stress-strain curve was clearly observed up to the very low stress level in the post-failur
38、e region,where failure progressed considerably. Next,unloading-reloading cycles are repeated in constant loading rate test with Sanjome andesite and Inada granite;And unloading curves at many points along stress-strain curve are obtained. Stress-strain curve at slow loading-rate,31,obtained in alter
39、nating loading rate test is shifted along the unloading curves,and then it overlapped on stress-strain curve at a fast loading rate. A new testing method,in which alternating two loading-rates and unloading-reloading cycles are repeated with a single rock sample,is proposed and applied to Sanjome an
40、desite,Inada granite and Tage tuff. It is found that the new testing method is easy to conduct and suitable for investigating loading rate dependency of peak strength and that of post-failure region of rocks. The percentage of change of stress in post-failure region is almost equal to that of the pe
41、ak strength. Key words:rock mechanics;loading rate dependency;peak strength;post-failure region;viscoelasticity,32,强度破坏点后岩石应力应变曲线荷载速率依存性研究,摘要:利用3 种试验方法对在强度破坏点之后处于低应力下的岩石应力应变曲线的荷载速率依存性进行研究。首先,对三城目安山岩、稻田花岗岩和田下凝灰岩进行交替变换荷载速率试验,按一定应变间隔,对同一个试样交替施加高低2 种不同的荷载速率,得到对应于2 种荷载速率的应力应变曲线。试验结果表明,在破坏点之后仍可以清楚地观察到应力应变曲线的荷载速率依存性。其次,对三城目安山岩和稻田花岗岩在恒定速率下进行循环加载卸载试验,得到了应力应变曲线上很多点处的卸载曲线。将在交替变换荷载速率试验中得到的对应于低荷载速率的应力应变曲线沿着卸载曲线平移,可以与高荷载速率对应的应力应变曲线重合。最后,对三城目安山岩、稻田花岗岩和田下凝灰岩进行组合试验,即对一个岩石试样施加2 种交替变换荷载速率和循环加载卸载。结果表明组合试验具有操作简单性和很强的适应性,可以用来研究岩石强度破坏点处以及强度破坏点之后领域的荷载速率依存性,强度破坏点之后的应力变化率与强度点处的基本一致。 关键词:岩石力学;荷载速率依存性;峰值强度;强度破坏点后区域;黏弹性,
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