RO反渗透系统技术培训.ppt
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1、反渗透(RO) 培训 2013年3月,北京碧化科技有限公司,简介:膜/反渗透 及其应用 An INTRODUCTION TO MEMEBRANE / REVERSE OSMOSIS & ITS BEST PRACTICE,(交叉流/膜)过滤方法 Cross Flow Filtration Methods,膜构造 Membrane Configurations,螺旋口 Spiral Wound 中空纤维 Hollow Fiber 管状 Tubular,膜系统 Membrane System,反渗透 Reverse Osmosis,术语表 Glossary of Terms,Concentrate
2、 or reject 浓缩 或 损失/ 未渗 透 Permeate or product 渗透 或 产物 Percent recovery 回收率 Percent salt rejection 盐损率 / 抗盐率,反渗透基理,两步骤 RO系统 Two-Stage RO System,元件 ELEMENTS,RO 设备 Typical RO Machine,膜对比 Membrane Comparisons,离子通过 Typical Passage of Ions,* TFC element rated for a 95% NaCl rejection,RO的优势 What Are the Adv
3、antages of RO ?,去除非离子杂质和溶解的固体(如:有机物,无水硅酸,细菌)Removes nonionic impurities and dissolved solids (i.e. organics, silica, bacteria) 减少了危险的化学品存储和与离子交换相关的操Reduction of hazardous chemical storage and handling associated with ion exchange 减少了离子交换系统的装载 Reduces loading on ion exchange systems: 延长运行周期 Extends r
4、un lengths 延长树脂寿命 Extends resin life 降低操作成本 Reduces operating costs,RO的劣势 What Are the Disadvantages of RO?,25%的进水未被渗透 25% of feed stream is rejected 渗透的5%TDS 对HP锅炉不足 5% TDS in permeate inadequate for HP boilers 最终过滤器易被堵塞 Ultimate filter which is easily fouled : - 提高操作成本 Increasing operating costs -
5、 降低树脂寿命 Reducing membrane life,操作成本细分 Typical Operating Cost Breakdown,反渗透膜的问题 RO Membrane Problems,Fouling 污垢 微生物,残渣/泥沙,脏物,有机物,金属氧化物 Microbio, silt, crud, organics, metal oxides Scaling 水锈 天然盐 Mineral salts 无水硅酸 Silica 水解和降解 Hydrolysis or Degradation pH, Temperature, oxidants, biodegradation,离子污垢 I
6、ron Fouling,微生物污垢 Microbiological Fouling,无水硅酸污垢 Silica Fouling,矿物水锈 Mineral Scale,膜退化/降解 Membrane Degradation,膜问题造成的结果 Results of Membrane Problems,水质降低 Reduced water quality 运行周期缩短 Shorter run lengths 提早更换膜 Premature membrane replacement 运行成本提高 Higher operating costs,厂商要求 Typical Manufacturers Req
7、uirements,NS - Not Specified,膜的水解因素 Hydrolysis Factors of RO Membranes,CA MEMBRANES 微生物生长率 Microbio growth present pH levels 5.0 - 6.5 温度 Temperatures 35 oC Exposed to direct sunlight,TFC MEMBRANES 进水中的氧化剂 Oxidants in feedwater (i.e. Cl2, Ozone) 进水中的游离氯 0.01 ppm Free chlorine in feedwater 温度 Tempera
8、tures 45 oC Exposed to direct sunlight,各种污垢物质的沉积 Deposit Tendency of Various Foulants,* 假定没有使用防水锈剂、防污垢剂和消毒杀菌剂Assumes no antiscalant, antifoulant or sanitizer is used,性能改善指导方法 Performance Enhancement Guidelines,RO系统控制 RO System Monitoring,预处理控制 Pretreatment monitoring 残渣密度(SDI),混浊,pH,氧化剂 Silt Density
9、 (SDI), Turbidity, pH, oxidants 温度、压力、TDS Temperature, pressure, TDS 污垢物质(细菌、金属、硬度、无水硅酸) Foulants (bacteria, metals, hardness, silica) 运行控制 Performance monitoring 抗盐率/盐损率 Percent salt rejection 正常化渗透流速 Normalized permeate flowrate 压差 Differential pressure 进水流速 Feedwater flowrate,日常操作和运行参数 Daily Oper
10、ation & Performance Parameters,日期 Date 操作员名字 Operators initials 进水SDI Feedwater silt density index (SDI) 进水混浊 Feedwater turbidity 进水温度 Feedwater temperature 进水温度校正因素 Feedwater temperature correction factor 进水的pH值 Feedwater pH 氧化剂浓度(如: Cl, 消毒杀菌剂) Oxidant concentration (i.e. Cl, sanitizer) 进水传导性或TDS F
11、eedwater conductivity or TDS 渗透水传导性或TDS Permeate conductivity or TDS 未渗透水传导性或TDS Reject conductivity or TDS,抗盐率(计算的) Percent salt rejection (calculated) 进水(膜)压力 Feed (membrane) pressure 渗透水压力 Permeate pressure 未渗透水压力 Reject pressure 净压差(计算的) Net differential pressure (calculated) 净推动压 Net driving pr
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- RO 反渗透 系统 技术培训
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