天然免疫应答和炎症-普及免疫与人类健康知识.ppt
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1、4 天 然 免 疫 应 答 和 炎 症,Innate Immune System,1、熟悉非特异性免疫系统的组成和功能; 2、掌握特异性免疫和非特异性免疫功能的不同; 3、了解非特异性免疫系统分子和细胞之间的相互作用; 4、了解特异性免疫和非特异性免疫之间的相互关系; 5、了解吞噬细胞的杀伤机理。,Table 1,Non-specific Immunity,Specific Immunity,Response is antigen-independent,Response is antigen-dependent,There is immediate maximal response,Ther
2、e is a lag time between exposure and maximal response,Not antigen-specific,Antigen-specific,Exposure results in no immunologic memory,Exposure results in immunologic memory,Mechanisms of protection against infection and disease are diverse. Primarily they can be divided into two major categories: No
3、n-specific or innate immunity Specific or adaptive immunity. The differences between the two types of immunity are shown in Table 1.,免疫分为 非特异性或天然免疫 ( Non-specific or innate immunity ) 特异性或获得性免疫 ( Specific or adaptive immunity ),天然免疫(Innate Immunity),获得性免疫(Adaptive Immunity),抗原非依赖性( antigen-independe
4、nt),立即( immediate)达到最大反应,无抗原特异性,抗原依赖性( antigen-dependent),无免疫记忆,产生免疫记忆,抗原特异性,达到最大反应时间滞后 (lag time ),识别特有的模式分子(pattern),识别生物分子(Macromolecules),The differences between the two types of immunity,天然免疫(innate immunity),动物机体与生俱有的抵御微生物或者外来异物侵袭的能力。,屏障( Anatomical barriers ):物理:皮肤黏膜, 化学:体表分泌物 正常菌群(normal flo
5、ra): 数量:1011/g 功能,细胞 (Cellular components):皮肤黏膜上皮细胞 吞噬细胞 NK细胞,可溶性分子 ( Secretory molecules ):补体、细胞因子、 酶等,Table 2. Physico-chemical barriers to infections,System/Organ,Active component,Effector Mechanism,Skin,Squamous cells; Sweat,Desquamation; flushing, organic acids,GI tract,Columnar cells,Peristals
6、is, low pH, bile acid, flushing, thiocyanate,Lung,Tracheal cilia,Mucocialiary elevator, surfactant,Nasopharynx and eye,Mucus, saliva, tears,Flushing, lysozyme,Circulation and lymphoid organs,Phagocytic cells NK cells and K-cell LAK,Phagocytosis and intracellular killing Direct and antibody dependent
7、 cytolysis IL2-activated cytolysis,Serum,Lactoferrin and Transferrin,Iron binding,Interferons,Antiviral proteins,TNF-alpha,antiviral, phagocyte activation,Lysozyme,Peptidoglycan hydrolysis,Fibronectin,Opsonization and phagocytosis,Complement,Opsonization, enhanced phagocytosis, inflammation,Table 2.
8、 Physico-chemical barriers to infections,系统 / 器官,活性成分,效应机制,皮肤,立方上皮细胞; 汗液,脱屑、 冲洗、有机酸,肠道,蠕动、低pH、胆汁酸、冲洗、硫氰酸盐,肺,气管上皮细胞纤毛,纤毛摆动、 表面活性物质,鼻咽,眼睛,黏膜,唾液, 眼泪,冲洗、溶菌酶,淋巴循环和淋巴器官,巨噬细胞 NK 细胞 , K-细胞 LAK 细胞,吞噬、杀伤 细胞毒 IL2-介导的细胞毒,血清,乳铁蛋白、转运蛋白,结合铁,干扰素,抗病毒蛋白,TNF-alpha,抗病毒、吞噬,溶菌酶,水解肽聚糖,纤维结合素,调理、吞噬,补体,调理、吞噬、炎症,柱状上皮细胞,Attach
9、ment Of E.coli O157 To M Cells,4-1 可溶性天然免疫分子, 天然免疫分子 识 别 对 象 效 应 溶菌酶 细菌胞壁的糖肽 消化细菌胞壁 甘露糖结合蛋白(MBP) 富含甘露糖的糖 致敏微生物; 蛋白及脂多糖 激活补体 C反应蛋白(CRP) 细菌表面多糖及 致敏微生物; 磷酯胆碱 激活补体 补体 与细胞及微生物表 杀伤靶细胞; 面的糖及蛋白质共 趋化炎症细胞等 价结合 LPS结合蛋白(LBP) LPS 促进LPS与CD14结合 可溶性CD14 LPS 促进细胞与LPS结合 ,天然免疫细胞,肥大细胞 哨兵细胞 巨噬细胞 常驻边防细胞 中性粒细胞 野战细胞 NK细胞 机
10、动兵细胞 树突细胞 工程兵细胞,组织中的肥大细胞含有大量致密细胞颗粒,4-2 肥大细胞, 哨兵细胞,静息肥大细胞,激活后 5 分钟,激活后 60 分钟,They are the earliest phagocytic cells to appear in the bacterial infection and are prominent constituent of pus.,(1)中性粒细胞 (neutrophils) 野战细胞,4-3 吞噬细胞 (phagocytes),I 细胞,Two neutrophils in blood film,Neutrophil - electron mic
11、rograph. Note the two nuclear lobes and the azurophilic granules,Histopathology of lymphadenopathy due to infection by HIV-1. Subcapsular sinus. The sinus contains increased numbers of neutrophils.,(2)巨噬细胞 (macrophages) 常住边防细胞,Macrophage Different names in different tissues Monocyte (blood) Kupffer
12、cells (liver) Mesangial cells (kidney glomerulus) Microglia (brain) Alveolar macrophages (lung) Histiocyte (connective tissue),Figure 2 Blood film showing a monocyte (left) and two neutrophils,Monocyte with ingested malaria parasite,(3)郎格汉斯细胞 (Langerhans cells),上皮组织中的LC(1,普通光镜)(2,扫描电镜照片)。,Macrophage
13、 Attacking E.coli (SEM x8,800),Alveolar (Lung) Macrophage Attacking E. coli (SEM x10,000),抗体,补体,CD16 (FcR III),CD11b/CD18,CD25,CD28,CD32 (Fc R II),CD35 (CR1),CD64 (Fc R I),CD71,B7-2,IL-2,抗体,补体,抗体,运铁蛋白,吞 噬 细 胞 表 面 受 体,II 吞噬细胞的识别受体,巨噬细胞除表达直接识别受体外,还表达能够结合补体成分、MBP、LBP、IgG (Fc RI、Fc RII和Fc RIII)等分子的间接识别受
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