讲厌氧消化技术.ppt
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1、厌氧消化技术,Technology of Anaerobic Digestion,张无敌,2009.11.16,E-mail: ,云南师范大学省农村能源工程重点实验室,Part 2,主要内容,1、History 2、Three-stage of Anaerobic Digestion 3、Rural Biogas 4、Biogas Engineering,1、History,In 1630, van Helment, the first man noted biogas In 1776, A. Volta discovered “flammable air” In 1806, W. Henry
2、 pointed out “flammable air” is CH4 In 1808, H. Davy produced manure gas with cow dung In 1866, Bechamp think methane production is a microbial process In 1875, Popoff researched methane fermentation In 1883, Gayon researched anaerobic digestion,In the last of 19th, Louis Mouras built the first dige
3、ster treating waste water in France. In 1896, Exeter of Britain built digester treating sewage, sludge gas used for lighting street. In 1900, Matunga of India built biogas digester with human excrement as feedstock.,In 1901, Shngen brought forward the concept of methane bacteria. In 1916, Omeliansky
4、 first isolated a strain of methane bacteria Methanobacterium omelianskii. In 1930 & 1934, van Niel brought forward a theory of carbon dioxide reduction methane.,4H2A4A8H CO28HCH42H2O Total reaction:4H2ACO24ACH42H2O In 1936, using chemically synthesized media to culture river sludge, Barker obtained
5、 a kind of microorganism being better suitable for fermentation of alcohol, propanol and butanol. At the same time, Heukelekian & Heinmann reported a technique for calculating the number of methane bacteria.,In 1948, Buswell & Sollo founded out theory of direct conversion from methyl group to methan
6、e: 14CH3COOH14CH4CO2 CD3COOHH2OCD3HCO2H2O 4CH3OHD2O3CH3DCO2,In 1956, Barkers hypothesis, it is thought that methane is formed through two pathways. During the process, methyl group of acetic acid is directly reduced to methane and that carboxyl group of acetic acid is converted to carbon dioxide, an
7、d then the latter is again reduced to form methane.,In 1940, H. A. Barker first isolated and cultivated methanogens with barker tube. In 1950, R. E. Hungate established anaerobic technique which greatly contributed to the research of methanogens. In 1965, Hungate technique was developed by Bryant. I
8、n 1967, Bryant purified Methanobacterium omelianskii and identified it, being a union of Methanobacterium MOH and “S” organic strain, the union is interspecies H2-transfer.,A. p-pH-OH+K2CO3 Tube (Barker 1940),B. Hungate Roll Tube (1950),C. Hungate Beef Soup Tube (1960),D. Balch Tube (1976),A,B,C,D,I
9、n 1956, Methanobacteriaceae was first summed up in one family, including 4 genera and 9 species by Barker In 1974, in the Bergys Manual of Determinative Bacteriology(8th edition), methanogen was summed up in one family, including 3 genera and 9 species In 1979, W. E. Balch: 3 orders, 4 families, 7 g
10、enera and 13 species In 1988, International Society of Methanogenic Classification was founded In 1989, Bergys Manual of Determinative Bacteriology(9th edition): 3 orders, 6 families, 13genera and 43 species In 1989, R. D. Boone: 3 orders, 6 families, 16 genera and 55 species In 1990, J. L. Garcia:
11、3 orders, 7 families, 20 genera and 70 species In 1993, R. D. Boone: 5 orders, 10 families, 25 genera and 59 species In 2001, Bergys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology(2th edition): 5 orders, 10 families, 26 genera and 78 species,In 1955, G. J. Schroepfer developed anaerobic contact (AC) process,Biog
12、as,Feeding,Sludge circumfluence,Sedimentation pool,In 1961, W. W. Eckenfelder proposed a four-step process: hydrolysis, acidification, acid decaying and methane production In 1962, R. E. Mckinney proposed a two-step process: acid-producing and gas-producing In 1967, O. W. Lawrence & P. L. McCarty pr
13、oposed a three-step process: hydrolysis, hydrogen and acid production, and gas or methane production,In 1969, Young & McCarty developed Anaerobic Filter,(AF) with organic waste water, it has been 1972,Biogas,Feeding,Filling,Effluence,In 1971, S. Ghosh of American anaerobic digestive expect developed
14、 Two-phase Anaerobic Digester Process,Biogas,Feeding,Acidized,Separating,Methane fermentation,Effluence,In 1974,Prof. G. Lettinga, Agricultural University of Wageningen, Department of Water Pollution Control, developed Upflow anaerobic sludge bed, UASB,UASB has been application since 1977,In 1981, d
15、eveloped Expanded Granular Sledge Bed,EGSB,In 1985, PAQUES BV Company of Netherlands, developed Internal Circulation, IC,G1 Reactor: HRT=SRT=MRT Anaerobic Contact; Complete Stirred Tank Reactor,G2 Reactor: SRT, MRTHRT AF; UASB,G3 Reactor: contact materials and sludge IC; EGSB,In 1970, the coenzyme M
16、(CoM) was discovered with Methanobacterium MOH strain by McBride & R. S. Wolfe. In 1972, the factor 420(F420) was discovered with Methanobacterium MOH strain by P. Cheeseman etc In 1974, Taylor & R. S. Wolfe have confirmed the CoM structure.,In 1977, A brilliant concept, Archaebacteria has been rais
17、ed by a team headed by Carl. R. Woese, Illinois, University, America.,In 1978, L. D. Erich etc. have confirmed the F420 structure.,In 1978, R. P. Gunsalus & R. S. Wolfe separated to get the factor 430 (F430) from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum H strain.,B,正常脂质与古细菌脂质的比较,肽聚糖与假肽聚糖初级结构的比较,In 1978,
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