建筑采光和遮阳-许鹏.ppt
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1、建筑遮阳和日光照明 Building shading and daylighting control,许鹏 教授 博士 博导 机械工程学院 Peng Xu Professor, PhD, PE, MBA College of Mechanical Engineering,Contents 内容纲要,Importance of shading control and daylighting 遮阳和自然采光的重要性 Shading strategies 常见遮阳策略 Day lighting and building envelope 日光照明与建筑立面 Sample projects and s
2、uccessful stories 成功案例 Software 计算软件,2,Windows, architecture love them, occupants love them. They are modern, stylish, provide better view, easy to build, easy to maintain,What is the pain?,Public buildings,Office,Residential,Small commercials,3,But engineers hate them, regulators do not want them,
3、because they are wasting energy,What is the pain?,Building codes all over the world are using description or energy budget method to regulate the window to wall ratio,In summer, direct solar heat gain accounts for more than 50% of cooling load,In winter, wall insulation value is about 10 times highe
4、r than that of conventional windows. Therefore, buildings in cold climate can only have small windows,Windows are more important than any other building components in term of energy impact In cold climate, more than 50% heat loss are through windows In hot climate, direct solar heat gain is about 1/
5、3 of cooling load Lighting energy consumption is more than heating and cooling combined in commercial buildings,Low-energy intensity design and windows,Low-energy intensity design and windows,Air conditioning peak load analysis in summer 50% of building envelope load are caused by windows Window sha
6、ding in summer and window insulation in winter are two critical issues,Year of Built, Government office building built at different years,Energy survey results,Worst energy intensity buildings get worse and worse,Energy survey results,Background,Misunderstanding of windows The smaller the better, co
7、ntrol Window to Wall Ratio East and West facades are same Small north facing windows Size matters, height does not Window is fixed Blinds are interior design jobs, nothing to do with energy,Low energy intensity buildings,Mis-concept today,Contents 内容纲要,Importance of shading control and daylighting 遮
8、阳和自然采光的重要性 Shading strategies 常见遮阳策略 Day lighting and building envelope 日光照明与建筑立面 Sample projects and successful stories 成功案例,The major flux is direct solar beam in summer In winter, heat loss is the biggest problem Second transfer is important Tint glass is not very useful,Heat flux through the win
9、dow,Window and shading design principles Use exterior shading, or shading in between glasses, internal shading is useless Design the building to shade itself Use a horizontal form for south windows Maximizing windows in north Recessed windows, somewhat useful on the east Use a vertical form on east
10、and west windows. Give west and south windows shading priority. East is not important The shades color modifies light and heat. Movable shading is better than fixed shade. Use movable devices if budget is allowed,West shading is hardest, vertical louvers sometimes not working,Ways to reduce overhang
11、 size,Reducing the size of overhang furthermore,Allow lighting to come in,Design shading for glare relief as well. Use exterior shading to reduce glare by partially blocking occupants view of the too-bright sky.,Dirt accumulation on blades, negative effects on building appearance Poor reliability. A
12、ctuators and mechanical systems are prone to failure due to exposure to wind, sun and rain. Difficult to repair. Visually unattractive. To avoid glare, blades are typically shut off in winter and useful solar heat is blocked too,From thermal point of view, exterior shading systems are perhaps one go
13、od solution, because direct solar radiation is completely blocked outside of buildings. However, it has the following shortcomings:,Practical problems,Interior shading system,Need to be cleaned and maintained regularly Prone to damage. Furniture moving, indoor activities will inevitably damage the s
14、hutter. No automatic adjustment. Interior blinds are left open or closed as they were, till someone feels discomfort with the glare.,Interior shading systems overcome the shortcomings of exterior shading systems, but on the thermal side, they are not as effectively as exterior shading. Although sola
15、r radiation is blocked, solar heat are retained indoor in summer. Beyond that, other shortcomings include:,Double facades with ventilation,Ventilated faade still have dirt problem. Dirt accumulated in-between the faade is hard to clean Interior recycling ventilated double faades are useless thermal
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