高阶英语第二讲.ppt
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1、高阶英语 (写作与翻译),第二讲,词能达意 连词成句,一、同义词替换 二、句子扩充 三、连词使用,一、同义词替换,向下替换 平级替换 向上替换,向下替换,替换不会写的生词:同义词 / 下定义 例:残疾人 disabled incomplete imperfect a person with incomplete body / a person who lost one of his legs,生词替换练习,煤油灯 oil lamp a light 母鸡 hen a female chicken 球门 goal gate door 小隔间 chamber room a separate plac
2、e 拐杖 crutch walking stick a tool used for walking,平级替换,主题词需重复时,使用不同的表达以避免过于单一 依赖电脑 dependence on computers depending on computers relying /reliance on computers be obsessed with be addicted to excessive involvement with spend too much time on ,平级替换练习,赡养父母 污染环境,向上替换,使用高级词汇替换常见的简单词汇 如: Spend time doin
3、g sth Devote ones time to (doing) sth,高级词替换练习,good bad poor rich important think however if,use way old people young people related serious most people sometimes,高级词替换,good beneficial / favorable bad undesirable / unfavorable poor needy / impoverished rich wealthy important essential / critical thin
4、k harbor / reckon however nevertheless if provided / providing that,use adopt / take advantage of way method / approach old people the aged young people adolescents related relevant serious severe most people the majority of people sometimes occasionally,二、句子扩充,主语扩充 定语扩充 状语扩充,扩充主语,主语:名词、代词、动名词、不定式、主
5、语从句、it形式主语。多用物作主语 例:I like fishing. What I like is fishing. What I like most is fishing in the river on a sunny afternoon.,动名词作主语,玩火是危险的。 看到他就让我生气。 广泛阅读是扩大词汇量的最有效的途径之一。 晚饭后看一会电视已成了我长期养成的一个习惯。 吃太多的甜食容易使人发胖。,Keys,Playing with fire is dangerous. Seeing him makes me angry. Reading widely is one of the m
6、ost effective ways to enlarge our vocabulary. Watching TV for a while after supper has been my long established habit. Eating too much sweets is likely to make one fat.,不定式作主语,看他是我此行的目的。 要对你们我所有的朋友说再见不是一件容易的事情。 一个月盖完这座楼是不可能的。,Keys,To see him is my purpose of coming here. To say goodbye to all of you
7、my friends is hard for me. To finish the building in a month is difficult.,主语从句作主语,你没通过这次考试真遗憾。 会议何时举行还没决定。 他为什么会拒绝与我们合作,目前还不清楚。 我们需要的是一个全新的警察机构。 他来不来对我来说无所谓。,Keys,That you did not pass the exam is a shame. When the meeting is to be held has not yet been decided. Why he refused to cooperate with us
8、is still a mystery. What we need is wholly new kind of police force. Whether he comes or not makes no difference to me.,it作形式主语,说明:当句子头重脚轻时,一般把to do或主语从句放在句尾充当真正主语 To say goodbye to all of youmy friends is hard for me. To finish the building in a month is difficult. That you did not pass the exam is
9、 a shame. When the meeting is to be held has not yet been decided. Why he refused to cooperate with us is still a mystery.,it作形式主语,吸烟致癌是真的。 他一次次的迟到是件严重的事情。 和有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。,it作形式主语,It is true that smoking can cause cancer. It is a serious matter that he has been late for work over and over again.
10、 Its necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher.,扩充定语,多用后置定语:介词短语、分词、不定式、形容词短语、定语从句等 the life that is in the future an element that is causing cancer a tool that is used in manufacturing furniture the ability that is to survive earthquakes students that is ready to help others a pl
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