2020高考英语新创新一轮复习语法第一部分第一讲名词冠词学案含解析北师大.doc
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1、试题为word版 下载可打印编辑第一部分 掌握基础词法第一讲名词、冠词(一)名词可数名词的复数形式全析考法 .单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _ (cause)解析:causes此处的cause是可数名词,表示“原因”。根据其前的a
2、ll可知,应该使用复数形式,故填causes。2(20186月浙江高考)Making Chinese _ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.解析:dishes此处dish是可数名词,其前无限定词,故用其复数形式泛指中国菜。3(2017全国卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side _ (effect) such as overwei
3、ght and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.解析:effects根据空格前面的some以及空格后面列举的两个例子“overweight and heart disease”可知,应用effect的复数形式。4(2017全国卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed p
4、eople to avoid terrible _ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.解析:crowds根据空格前面的形容词terrible可知此处填名词,crowd表示“人群”,是可数名词,前面没有限定词,所以用名词的复数形式。5(2016全国卷)The nursery team switches him every few _ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, the other is with mum she ne
5、ver suspects.解析:daysevery few days表示“每隔几天”,此处应该使用名词的复数形式days。6(2015全国卷)Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _ (painting)解析:paintingspainting意为“图片,图画”,是可数名词,由于前有“so man
6、y”修饰,故使用其复数形式。.单句改错1(2018全国卷)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken._解析:chickenchickens短语dozens of之后应该使用可数名词chicken“鸡”的复数形式。2(2018全国卷)After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room._解析:sortsorts由前面的all 修饰可数名词sort可知,应用sort
7、的复数形式;all sorts意为“各种各样的”。3(2018全国卷)At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.”_解析:mistakemistakesand连接两个平行成分,前面的textbooks为复数,故可数名词mistake“错误”应改为 mistakes。4(2017全国卷)The instructor kept r
8、epeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left!”_解析:wordwords根据后面引号内的内容可知教练一直重复说的话有多句,故此处应用word的复数形式。5(2016全国卷)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me._解析:yearyears此处指1319岁的年龄,且其后be动词为were,故用year的复数形式。6(2015四川高考)As I told you last time, I made three new friend here
9、._解析:friendfriends名词friend为可数名词,其前有three修饰,需要用复数形式,故把friend改成friends。7(2015浙江高考)My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass._解析:sidesides前面有three修饰,故side要用复数形式sides。8(2014全国卷)Since then for all these year we have been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where th
10、ey please._解析:yearyearsyear为可数名词,其前面有these修饰,故应用其复数形式years。9(2014全国卷)For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day._解析:第一个hourhours此处指一个半小时,所以用hour的复数形式。10(2014辽宁高考)Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking._解析:timetimes根据前面表示数量的词sever
11、al可知,此处time意为“次数”,应用复数形式。谨记规则(一)规则名词的6种复数变化形式变化规则例词一般情况下在词尾直接加smouthmouths以s, x, ch,sh 结尾的名词在词尾加esglassglassesmatchmatches以辅音字母y结尾的名词变y为i再加escountrycountriesfactoryfactories以元音字母y 结尾的名词在词尾直接加sholidayholidaysmonkeymonkeys以o结尾的名词一般在词尾加sphotophotos有些在词尾加espotatopotatoes以f, fe结尾的名词一般要变f或fe为v再加esselfselv
12、es wolfwolves少数直接加sbeliefbeliefs(二)可数名词复数的3种不规则变化形式变化规则例词单复数同形deer, sheep, means, series, Chinese, Swiss, aircraft, spacecraft, species, fish变内部元音footfeet, toothteeth, mousemice, manmen, womanwomen外来名词mediummedia(媒体)phenomenonphenomena(现象)analysisanalyses(分析)特别注意fish表示“鱼肉”时,为不可数名词,表示“条数”时,其复数形式与单数形式
13、相同,但表示不同种类的鱼时,其复数形式为fishes。(三)合成名词复数的2类变化形式1若有中心词,则把中心词变成复数;若无中心词,则把最后一个词变成复数。passerbypassersby, sisterinlawsistersinlaw, grownupgrownups2“man/womann.”变复数时,作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数,如:women engineers。不可数名词全析考法单句改错1(2017全国卷)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet._解析:informati
14、onsinformationinformation是不可数名词,没有复数形式。2(2016全国卷)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books._解析:knowledgesknowledgeknowledge意为“知识”,是不可数名词,没有复数形式。3(2015全国卷)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier._解析:airsair由后面的定语从句“we breathe in”可知,此
15、处先行词的意思是“空气”,air意为“空气”时为不可数名词。故airs改为air。谨记规则(一)常见的24个不可数名词单词词义单词词义fun乐趣homework家庭作业progress进步equipment设备bread面包wealth财富knowledge知识room空间work工作weather天气music音乐news新闻;消息traffic交通meat肉word消息luck运气advice建议housework家务information信息furniture家具milk牛奶baggage/luggage行李orange橙汁man人类(二)抽象名词的具体化抽象名词(不可数)具体化(表达个
16、体概念时,是可数名词)surprise惊讶a surprise一件令人惊讶的事success成功a success一个(件)成功的人(事)honour荣誉an honour一个(件)引起尊敬的人(事)failure失败a failure一个(件)失败的人(事)beauty美;美丽a beauty美丽的人或事物pleasure乐趣a pleasure一件乐事语法填空解题“3定向”1根据修饰词确定名词的单复数形式(1)不定冠词a, an后用名词单数形式;(2)有these, those, several, many, all, both, a pair of, a variety of, diff
17、erent或数词等修饰时名词用复数形式;(3)名词前有one of, among时用名词复数形式。2根据谓语动词确定名词的单复数形式名词作主语时,如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are,要考虑用名词的复数形式。3根据常识和句意确定名词的单复数形式表示两个(或两个以上)的可数名词及并列名词时,名词需用复数形式。据第1条解题1The team who won the three world championships (championship) would always get this cup.2Interested in their work, she picked up a pair
18、of scissors (scissor)3During the festival, which lasts three or four days, people are dressed in their best clothes and participate in a variety of rich and colourful activities (activity)4Although they are seen as companions and part of the family today, China and Western countries have different c
19、ultural beliefs (belief) about dogs.5Above all, commercial interests often outweigh educational purposes, causing many complaints (complaint) about the unbearable advertisements.6Going to Cambridge University was a dream of mine, for it is one of the top universities (university) in the world.7I dec
20、ided to label one of my small purses (purse), which I actually had with me that day, with her name, along with some cash inside and an encouraging note.据第2条解题8While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us, the changes (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and w
21、ork, like cleaning up a polluted river.9Recent studies (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.据第3条解题10Timmis and his team set out to seek the effects of phone use on passersby (passerby)11It thinks that Cinglish may hurt peoples ability to speak standa
22、rd English and make it hard for them to communicate with foreigners (foreigner)12Unable to express himself easily in conversation, he uses a special typewriter to write letters to his friends, and beautiful poems (poem)短文改错解题“3视角”1分清名词单复数看到several, a few, many, one of, three, a number of等要想到其后的名词应用复
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