4Community.ppt
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1、Chapter 4 Community,Section 1 Community Introduce,The character of Community,1.Species diversity(物种多样性),2.Dorminance (优势度),3.Integrity (整体性),6.Succession (演替性),5.Fuzziness (模糊性),4.Spatial and Temporal (时间与空间分布),Community classification,1.Major community(主要群落) and minor community(次要群落),2.Autotrophic
2、community(自养群落) and heterotrophic community(异养群落),Community denomination,1.According to dominant species,2.According to life form,3.According to environment,Community compose,1.Dominant species(优势种)and subordinate(从属种),2.key-stone species(关键种),3.Redundancy species(冗余种),Community structure,1.Physiogn
3、omy (物理结构或外貌结构),2.Vertical stratification (垂直结构),Therophytes (一年生植物),Infauna (底内生物),Community structure,3.Horizontal pattern(水平结构),4.Temporal pattern(时间结构),5.Trophic structure(营养结构),Mossicism (镶嵌性)and patchness (斑块性),Ecotone(群落交错区),Effect factors,1.Competition (竞争),2.Predation (捕食),3.Disturbance (干扰
4、),4.Spatial heterogenity (空间异质性),Intermediate disturbance hypothesis(中度干扰假说),Community gaps(群落断层),5.Equilibrium theory and no-Equilibrium theory (平衡学说与非平衡学说),Community succession,Definition,Classification,According to inducement(诱因),According to originate region(起源地),According to process (过程),Accord
5、ing to metabolism(代谢特征),The characters of Community succession,Directivity (演替的方向性),Speed (演替的速度),Effect (演替的效应),The process of Community succession,Bared land (裸地形成),Invade、reside and propagate(侵移、定居和繁殖),Environment change(环境变化),Competition (竞争),Equilibrium (平衡),Climax Community,Classification,The
6、climatic community(气候顶极群落),The edaphic climax community(土壤顶极群落),The zootic climatic community (动物顶极群落),The topographic climatic community (地形顶极群落),The climatic community,The theory of climatic community,Polyclimatic theory(多顶极学说),Monoclimatic theory(单顶极学说),Climax-pattern theory(顶极群落-格局学说),Community
7、succession model,Facilitation model(促进型模型),Inhibition model(抑制型模型),Tolerance model(忍耐型模型),Examples of Succession Case Study: Old-field Succession,The Piedmont is the physiographic region between the Appalachian mountains and the southeastern Coastal Plain (from NJ to GA). It has a rolling terrain an
8、d a long history of settlement and agriculture (many small farms unlike midwest). Following abandonment, agricultural land on Piedmont farms proceeds to an old-field stage and ultimately develops in to a hardwood forest. This process has been very well studied.,Section 2 Biodiversity,农学院农业生态学课程组,Bio
9、diversity (Species diversity),Biodiversity Species level: sp diversity Sp level: community diversity, ecosystem diversity,etc.,Definition of biodiversity,Community diversity,Species diversity,Ecosystem diversity,Landscape diversity,Genetic diversity,Measurement of species diversity,Index of Species
10、Diversity,Term (术语),Species Diversity,Two factors define species diversity: Species Richness (S): Number of species in the community. Species Evenness: Relative abundance of species.,Index for Species diversity - Shannon-Wiener Index,Shannon-Wiener Index =Shannon-Weaver diversity index (=Shannon div
11、ersity index), (H) s H = -pi logepi i=l H = Value of Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Pi = proportion of the ith species. Loge= natural logarithm of pi. S = number of species in the community.,Shannons diversity index,Hmax=?,Sp evenness/ Equitability index -from Shannon,A B Species 1 90 30 Species 2
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