615-MLA格式讲座.ppt
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1、MLA格式講座,主講:劉育汝,Writing a research paper requires you to seek out information about subject, take a stance in it, and back it up with clear opinions and the thought of others. The real value of a research report depends on what you as a researcher have discovered and how well you tell others about it
2、.,In choosing a subject for research, you will want first to think about what you already know and what you have to build on. The next stop is to consider those subjects that you think you want to learn about. Avoid too big topic. Avoid the topic that can be traced only single source.,Evaluating Sou
3、rces,Is it up-to date? What are the authors credentials? Is a journal or newspaper known to be generally fair, or is it biased in some definite way?,Does the author have a special interest in the topic that might affect the relaibility of the source? Does the source seem adequately documented? In th
4、e case of controversial topics, does a source give a balanced or a one-sided view?,Does the sources language reveal a bias or call the authors reliability into question? vague, nonspecific use of language discriminatory langaugae percentages that are misleading,Is a book published by a respected pub
5、lishing house? How was the book reviewed? Is the source of a Web page or gopher service reliable?,Evaluating Internet Sources,Note the e-mail address of the writer of postings found on mailing lists and newsgroups. The last three letters of an address will at least tell you something about the perso
6、n“gov ”is a government office, “edu” indicates an educational institution, “org” a nongovernmental organization, and “com” a private company.,What evidence do you have that the person posting on a mailing list or newsgroup is knowledgable. Is a Web page posted by an objective source? Is a Web page a
7、ctually an advertisement in disguise? Is the identifying information about the author of a Web page convincing?,While electronic versions of respected publications are as trust-worthy as their print versions, what about electronic journals, magazines, and newsletters that have no print counterpart?
8、What evidence can you find to give you confidence in such publications? In the case where you have an e-mail address of an individual or agency, send a message requesting further information.,When you find a source that you want to read thoroughly, consider using the PQRST method:,P: Preview a text
9、by quickly surveying it from beginning to end. Q: Jot down questions that you expect to find answered in the source. R: Read it carefully from beginning to end, nothing passages you want to use. S: Summarize the thesis and main points of what you have read. T: Test yourself; make sure you understand
10、 the source before you use it.,Electronic source cards,author: editor: title of book or article or other source part of book used(foreword, chapter, essay, poem ): title of series the book is part of:,page numbers relevant to your topic: type of source(book, essay in book, article in journal, audio
11、cassette, Web page, etc.): title of publication or publisher: place of publication: volume and/ or issue number: date: other information( reprint, translator, identifying numbers, Web address, performers, etc):,Quoting To quote is to reproduce exactly someone elses words. (double check, ask yourself
12、 what the quotation will serve and whether it would be better to express the idea in your own words) Paraphrasing To paraphrase is to reproduce the exact sense of a written passage or oral statement in your own wordsto convey accurately the ideas, facts, or attitudes of someone else in words that ar
13、e natural to you.,Interpreting Interpreting begins as soon as you start to say what something means, to draw conclusions from facts, to explain why certain information is significant. Summarizing Summarizing, like paraphasing, is a process of putting someone elses material in your own words. Recordi
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