discussingfindings ppt课件.ppt
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1、Academic Writing Course,Discussing Findings,Contents,a) considering both sides of an issue, or question before reaching a conclusion;,Meanings of Discussion in Academic Sense,b) considering the results of research and the implications of these results.,P72-73,Colorectal cancer 结直肠癌 lung cancer 肺癌 Es
2、ophagus cancer 食道癌 liver cancer 肝癌 prostate cancer 前列腺癌 laryngeal cancer 喉癌 bladder cancer 膀胱癌 Myeloma 骨髓瘤 malignancy 恶性肿瘤 rectal cancer 直肠癌,colon cancer 结肠癌 esophageal adenocarcinoma 食管腺癌 endometrial cancer 子宫内膜癌 menopausal hormone therapy 绝经后激素治疗 leukemia 白血病 melanoma (恶性)黑素瘤 ,(良性)胎记瘤 breast cance
3、r 乳腺癌 estrogen 雌激素 progesterone 黄体酮 carcinogenesis 癌病变,致癌作用,Some expressions in Reading Passage,Introductory and Concluding Paragraph?,we found elevated risks of colorectal and lung cancer with both types of meat. Red but not processed meat intake was also associated with increased risk of cancer of
4、 the esophagus and liver. We statistically observed elevated risks of advanced prostate cancer with both red and processed meat intake, of laryngeal cancer with red meat intake, and of bladder cancer and myeloma with processed meat intake.,A diet high in red or processed meat was associated with an
5、elevated risk of both colorectal and lung cancer; Red meat was associated with an elevated risk of esophageal and liver cancer.,P74,P72,What has the results discussed?,We observed a stronger positive association for rectal than colon cancer. We found a positive association between red meat intake an
6、d cancer of the esophagus and the liver, and a significantly positive association for laryngeal cancer. We found an inverse association between red meat intake and endometrial cancer; We observed a suggestion of an elevated risk of advanced prostate cancer with both types of meat. With regard to bre
7、ast cancer, a pooled analysis of eight cohort studies found no association with red meat intake;,P73,Elements in Discussion Section?,Provide a brief summary of key findings,Discuss possible mechanisms and explanations for the findings.,Compare study results with relevant findings from previous studi
8、es.,Discuss the limitations of the present study,consider alternative explanations of the findings,Conclude with a brief summary of key findings,Elements in Discussion Section,Para. 1,Paras. 2-7,Para. 8,Strong or Cautious Claim?,Read and decide which of the sentences below are considered to be acade
9、mically competent. 1. The management of danger is also not the sort of language to appear within policy documents that refer to GRT children, where it might be construed to reflect systematic failures in schools. 2. The management of danger is also not the sort of language to appear within policy do
10、cuments that refer to GRT children, which reflects systematic failures in schools.,1. Consistent with previous studies, we observed a stronger positive association for rectal than colon cancer. 2. It is possible that the referent group had a smaller-than-expected cancer incidence by chance. 3. We ob
11、served a suggestion of an elevated risk for advanced prostate cancer with both meat types. 4. In contrast to our findings, childhood leukemia has been positively associated with intake of processed meats in a case-control study. 5. Associations between saturated fat and cancer are likely to be relat
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