Food Nutrition and HIVAIDS.ppt
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1、Food, Nutrition and HIV/AIDS: Evidence and Priority Actions for HIV Prevention, Care and Treatment Programs,Ellen Piwoz and Peter Salama Summer Seminar Series, USAID Washington, August 2004,HIV/AIDS, food insecurity, and malnutrition are synergistically inter-related, particularly in Africa,Malnutri
2、tion and food insecurity are endemic in Africa, where more than 25 million people are living with HIV Nearly 40% of African children 50% also suffer from micronutrient deficiency disorders Malnutrition is not limited to children 50% of all pregnant women are anemic High dependency on single crops an
3、d periodic food shortages are common,Orphans and Malnutrition Proportion children malnourished, Zimbabwe 2003,Source: Zimbabwe National Nutrition and EPI Survey, Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Feb 2003,Percent (%),How does HIV/AIDS affect nutrition?,Malnutrition and HIV work in tandem Macalla
4、n, Proc Nutr Soc, 1999,HIV compromises nutritional status, increases susceptibility to secondary infections Malnutrition exacerbates the effects of HIV by further weakening the immune system,HIV affects nutrition through multiple mechanisms,Increased energy requirements 10% increase during asymptoma
5、tic infection 20-30% increase during secondary infections 50-100% increase for children (WHO, 2003) Reductions in dietary intake Due to appetite loss, depression, oral sores Food insecurity/loss of livelihoods Nutrient malabsorption and loss HIV-infection of GI cells Diarrhea-related losses Metaboli
6、c changes Impaired and increased nutrient utilization,How does nutrition affect HIV/AIDS?,Low food (energy) intake is a primary cause of weight loss and wasting in HIV Macallan, 1999,Weight loss may be gradual or rapid with acute OI Energy requirements are increased in HIV (WHO, 2003) Weight loss an
7、d loss of lean body mass strongly predict risk of illness and death in HIV+ adults (graph),P 0.01 for all RR,Low intakes and deficiencies of several micronutrients associated with more rapid disease progression and mortality in HIV+ adults,These include vitamins A, B1, B6, B12, C, E; folate; seleniu
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