【研究报告】中国城市空气质量管理综合战略研究.ppt
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1、中国城市空气质量管理综合战略研究 Strategies Approach Integrated Urban Air Quality with Concern Global Climate Change in China,http:/ (Outlines) :,一、研究背景 Background 二、研究目标 Objectives 三、研究内容 Contents 四、时间安排 Time Schedule 五、预期成果 Expected Outcome 六、经费预算 Budgets,http:/ Background,城市是人类政治、经济和文化活动的中心。改革开放以来,我国的城市建设得到快速发展,
2、城市数量已达到660多座,城市化率由不足20%增长到41.7%。 Chinese cities expended significantly. 2004年监测的342个城市中,仅有132个城市达到国家环境空气质量二级标准(居住区标准),占38.6%。 In 2004, the urban air quality of 38.6% of the monitored cities (342 cities) could meet the second national standard of ambient air quality.,http:/ Greenhouse gas emission is
3、 one of the important aspects of air pollution in the world. 我国政府高度重视城市空气质量问题的重要性和严重性,采取了积极的控制措施,包括:改善能源结构、污染源外迁、重点污染源末端治理、热电联产等。 Chinese government has been paying a lot of attention to the urban air quality issue.,http:/ 北京 Case study Beijing,天然气等清洁能源的使用比例不断提高;(Increasing percentage of clean energ
4、y) 污染源向市区外迁移,充分利用郊区巨大的环境容量,四环路内已没有大型污染源;(pollution source relocation) 推广热电联产(Closure of small coal facilities and cogeneration additions) 对于发电厂、热源厂、化工厂等重点污染源采取脱硫、脱硝、除尘等严格的末端治理措施。(End- of pipe),http:/ quality in Changing,http:/ measures to ameliorate air quality identified,Switching coal to clean ene
5、rgy: natural gas, LPG, electricity, etc. In particular, CBM (coal-bed methane) switching in coal-rich cities. Cogeneration expansion to replace small-size coal facilities Energy efficiency through relocation of urban sources (Capital Steel Corporation Relocation),http:/ issues to address air polluti
6、on in cities,No national guidelines for various classified cities to stipulate strategies of air quality improvement Lack of fast-responding model to translate emission into exposure, resulting rule-of-thumb prevailing Insufficient retrospective assessment on various strategies to address air pollut
7、ion Co-benefits of GHG emissions reduction unaccounted from amelioration of air quality (act locally but dont think globally),http:/ 经应用了城市空气质量模式和预报模式 ,如:用于大气污染物问题控制 的箱模式、工业源复合模式、光化学模式和线源模式等。 这些模式多是 基于国外城市的大气质量监测基础数据和预测工作经验建立起来的,而 我国许多城市的自然条件及污染特征与模式原出国城市都可能存在较大 的差异。 Most cities has taken relevant c
8、ontrol measures to solve the urban air pollution, and some of them have used the urban air quality model and prediction model, such as box model, industrial source complex model, photochemical model and line source model, and so on. Most of such models were set up based on the air quality data and p
9、rediction experiences of overseas cities, and the natural conditions and pollution characters of many Chinese cities are different from those cities where the models applied in. For example, urban air pollution of developed countries mainly from vehicle emission, but most urban air pollution in Chin
10、a is attributed to the coal burning, or the mixing pollution of coal burning and vehicle emission.,http:/ The study and analysis of emission reduction and cost-efficiency program has not been completed in China. 实施的多种空气质量控制措施必定可以削减温室气体的排放量,但尚未进行定量的研究 (many countermeasures to address urban air pollut
11、ion simultaneously bring GHG emission reduction, but barely have been quantitatively accounted),http:/ Study Objectives,本项目针对中国城市空气质量管理现状与问题,通过对典型城市的案例研究,弄清中国代表性典型城市环境现状与存在的问题,以世行开发的空气质量管理模型为技术手段, 提出国家改善空气质量技术政策 National Technical Policies (guidelines) for Various Classified Cities to Address Air Po
12、llution will be formed, on basis of analysis on background of classified cities through case studies by means of the World Bank developed model entitled “Small Models for Big Problems Integrated Air Quality Management”,http:/ To explore the relationship translating source emissions into exposure 建立大
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