【英文资料】A LIFE CYCLE APPROACH TO MANAGINGELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (EEE)IN CANADA.ppt
《【英文资料】A LIFE CYCLE APPROACH TO MANAGINGELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (EEE)IN CANADA.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《【英文资料】A LIFE CYCLE APPROACH TO MANAGINGELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (EEE)IN CANADA.ppt(25页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、A LIFE CYCLE APPROACH TO MANAGING ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (EEE) IN CANADA,Overview,E-waste Generated in Canada Hazardous Properties of E-waste Canadas Approach to Managing E-waste Federal Provincial Canadian Electronics Industry Contributions Observations & Lessons Learned,Land area = 9 mi
2、llion km2 10 provinces, 3 territories Population = 32 million (2006) 85% located in four provinces: Ontario Quebec British Columbia Alberta,Canada is a big country with a relatively small population,but we generate significant quantities of e-waste,Environment Canada baseline studies (2000 - 2003) E
3、-waste disposed = 158,000 tonnes (2002), or 5 kg per capita E-waste recycled = 9,000 tonnes (2002), or 5% of all e-waste Less than 1% of solid waste generated in Canada is e-waste,Manufacture & disposal of e-waste may also have climate change impacts,Manufacture of a single computer consumes:,240 kg
4、 of fossil fuel 22 kg of chemicals 1,500 kg of water United Nations University, Computers & the Environment (2003),Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for computer waste:,Figures consider emissions from processing, tansport & landfilling Canada could save 88,000 tonnes of eCO2 / year by recycling all PCs
5、,& e-waste may contain hazardous & toxic constituents,3,100 tonnes 1 tonne 3 tonnes 4.4 tonnes 418 tonnes 11,300 tonnes 7.9 tonnes,(cathode ray tubes, solder, circuit boards, cables) (fluorescent tubes, switches ) (colour pigments, plastic stabilizers) (phosphorescent coatings, pigments, stabilizers
6、) (metal alloys) (may contain brominated flame retardants & PVCs) (copper alloys, contact springs),766 tonnes 0.4 tonne 235 tonnes 386 tonnes,(small sealed lead acid batteries only) (non-mercuric free zinc air batteries) (nickel cadmium batteries) (nickel cadmium & nickel metal hydride batteries),In
7、 2002, personal computers disposed of in Canada (i.e. 52 kt) contained: Lead: Mercury: Chromium: Cadmium: Nickel: Plastics: Beryllium: In 2004, consumer batteries disposed in Canada (i.e. 11 kt) contained: Lead: Mercury: Cadmium: Nickel:,Managing solid wastes, including EEE, is a shared responsibili
8、ty in Canada,Federal government: Regulates toxic substances & international / inter-provincial hazardous waste movements Transcribes international agreements into national law (e.g. Basel Convention, OECD) Achieved through the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA 1999) Environment Canada is t
9、he regulating authority Provincial & territorial government: Regulates product stewardship & intra-provincial movements Control & license intra-provincial waste generators, carriers & treatment facilities Municipal government: Provinces convey authorities to municipalities Oversee local waste manage
10、ment services (collection, recycling, disposal) May impose local landfill bans Providing direction on recycling & disposal to the general public,Canada is engaged in “front-end” & “back-end” activities of the EEE product life cycle,“Front-end” Activities,“Back-end” Activities,Overview of Environment
11、 Canadas work at the “front-end” of the EEE product life cycle,Green procurement test methods for finished products Risk management measures Baseline studies & other reports on EEE & batteries Chemical Management Plan (announced Dec 2006) Categorize & screen of 23,000 substances in domestic commerce
12、 in batches 200 substances identified for priority action (over 50 may be linked to the EEE sector) Other cooperation mechanisms NA CEC Clean Electronics Pollution Prevention Partnership European Commission Canada Regulatory Cooperation Roadmap International Task Force on Sustainable Products (UK le
13、d working group) part of UNEP Marrakech Process for Sustainable Consumption & Production “product networks” being established to work on selected products including batteries, and TVs,Overview of Environment Canadas work at the “back-end” of the EEE product life cycle,Environmentally sound managemen
14、t Administration, enforcement & compro of federal waste regulations Fostering Extended Producer Responsibility for EEE National Steering Committee on Electronics Recycling (information sharing) Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (principles & product list) National EPR workshops Suppor
15、ting ESM standards development for reuse & recycling (OECD, domestic, internal) Basel Convention Public-Private Partnerships (mobile phones, computers) Risk management measures Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) Mercury-containing products (Compact fluorescent lamps, batteries) Other priority sub
16、stances to be identified by the Chemicals Management Plan process Waste diversion Extending operational life of Departmental PC use before replacement Examination of thin client models Computers for Schools (CfS) management of federal surplus computers,Canada-wide principles encourage consistencies
17、in provincial programs,Canada-wide Principles for Electronic Product Stewardship Issued by Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (June 2004) producer responsibility general taxpayers do not bear program costs minimize product life cycle impacts to human health & environment environmentall
18、y sound & “4Rs” management economically & logistically feasible management (strive for local benefits) free & reasonable access to collection systems education & awareness programs consistent & equitable program design & implementation strive for consistent product collection amongst adjacent jurisd
19、ictions programs to include residential, commercial, historic & orphan products transparency & reporting of program performance (including cost) exports for recycling to facilities with ESM & fair labour practices,British Columbia,Alberta,Saskatchewan,Manitoba,Ontario,Quebec,Nova Scotia,Newbrunswick
20、,Newfoundland & Labrador,Nunavut,Northwest Territories,Yukon,Laws are in place & programs are under development,Laws & programs are in place,Laws are being drafted,& 5 provinces now have laws that designate e-waste for product stewardship,Alberta,1st province to designate e-waste for product steward
21、ship (May 2004) Electronics Designation Regulation Designated Material Recycling & Management Regulation Designated products include: Televisions & monitors Computers, laptops & accessories Printers Collection began in Oct 2004 (items 1 - 3 only) Operated by not-for-profit Alberta Recycling Manageme
22、nt Authority (ARMA) Suppliers must register with & remit product levies to ARMA Product levies typically recouped from consumers (range from $5 - $45 CDN) Levies used to finance registered collection & recycling services $100 / tonne to municipal collectors $50 - $200 / tonne to transporters $700 /
23、tonne to processors No charge to return e-waste at over 220 depots (mainly municipal) Over 15,000 tonnes of e-waste recycled since program inception,Telephones, cell phones & wireless devices Fax machines & scanners Audio-video playback/recording & gaming equipment,Ontario,2nd province to designate
24、e-waste for product stewardship (Dec 2004) Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Regulation Approximately 200 products have been designated, including: Household appliances (49 listed) Information technology equipment (28 listed) Telecommunications equipment (24 listed) Audio-visual equipme
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英文资料 【英文资料】A LIFE CYCLE APPROACH TO MANAGINGELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT EEEIN CANADA 英文 资料 EEE
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-3028900.html