免疫学基础知识.ppt
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1、基 础 知 识 培训手册,2008版 仅供内部培训使用,目录,1. 感染与疾病 1.1介绍5 1.2病毒10 1.3细菌19 1.4流行病学31 1.5抗击传染性疾病39 2. 免疫 2.1介绍48 2.2先天性免疫51 2.3后天性免疫55 2.4抗体介导免疫64 2.5细胞介导免疫77 2.6免疫病理学84 3. 疫苗学 3.1被动和主动免疫 93 3.2疫苗种类101 3.3疫苗检测116 3.4疫苗的使用129,感染与疾病,1. 感染与疾病,什么引起感染?,感染如何引起疾病?,什么时候感染引起疾病?,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria 1
2、.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,介绍,1.1 Introduction The problem Some statistics A changing scene 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,乙肝病毒,白日咳杆菌,麻疹病毒,破伤风杆菌,白喉杆菌,感染性疾病的问题,1.1 Introduction The problem Some statistics A changing s
3、cene 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,一些统计数字,1.1 Introduction The problem Some statistics A changing scene 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,一些统计数字,1975-1999年全球疫苗接种覆盖率,1.1 Introduction The problem So
4、me statistics A changing scene 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,正在变化的情况,挑战:,新的感染性疾病,老的传染病死灰复燃,耐药,传染病向新领域的播散,在控制不利地区传染病的播散,1.1 Introduction The problem Some statistics A changing scene 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectiou
5、s disease Quiz one,病毒,本章涉及的题目是:,病毒的结构与分类,病毒如何复制,病毒如何引起疾病,一些重要病毒和它们引起的疾病,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses General description Classification Replication Viruses and disease Viral diseases Some important viruses 1.3 Bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious diseases Quiz one,一般描述,1.1 Introduction
6、 1.2 Viruses General description Classification Replication Viruses and disease Viral diseases Some important viruses 1.3 Bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious diseases Quiz one,分类,DNA,RNA,单链,双链,病毒外膜,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses General description Classification Replication Viruses and
7、 disease Viral diseases Some important viruses 1.3 Bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious diseases Quiz one,复制,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses General description Classification Replication Viruses and disease Viral diseases Some important viruses 1.3 Bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating
8、 infectious diseases Quiz one,复制,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses General description Classification Replication Viruses and disease Viral diseases Some important viruses 1.3 Bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious diseases Quiz one,病毒与疾病,病毒能够:,损害和摧毁细胞 例如 流感,干扰细胞生长 例如 先天性风疹, 肿瘤,激活免疫反应来摧毁被感染细胞
9、 例如 甲型肝炎,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses General description Classification Replication Viruses and disease Viral diseases Some important viruses 1.3 Bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious diseases Quiz one,病毒感染的特征,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses General description Classification Replication
10、Viruses and disease Viral diseases Some important viruses 1.3 Bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious diseases Quiz one,一些重要的病毒,病毒,疾病,GSK 疫苗,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses General description Classification Replication Viruses and disease Viral diseases Some important viruses 1.3 Bacteria 1
11、.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious diseases Quiz one,一些重要的病毒,病毒,疾病,GSK VACCINE(S),水痘,流感,脊灰,威可檬,福禄立适, Influsplit, Alpharix,Polio Sabin (Infanrix combos),1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses General description Classification Replication Viruses and disease Viral diseases Some important viruses 1.3 Bact
12、eria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious diseases Quiz one,细菌,本章涉及的题目是:,细菌的结构和分类,细菌如何繁殖,细菌如何引起疾病,一些重要细菌和它们引起的疾病,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating
13、infectious disease Quiz one,一般描述,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,结构与分类,鞭毛,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria Genera
14、l description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,结构与分类,细胞壁,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases S
15、ome important bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,结构与分类,细菌细胞形态,形态,名称,例如,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious dis
16、ease Quiz one,繁殖,二分裂法,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,芽孢,形成,出芽,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria General descripti
17、on Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,细菌与疾病,细菌引起的疾病:,通过入侵 有能力在体内繁殖和快速播散,通过产生外毒素 在生长中分泌 蛋白,通常有特定作用,通过产生内毒素 当细菌细胞死亡时释放 属于非专一作用,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria General description
18、Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,细菌性疾病,细菌性疾病可以有:,特殊的临床症状 典型的临床体征,非特殊的临床症状 临床特征依赖于感染部位,而不是感染细菌 不同细菌可以产生同样症状,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multip
19、lication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,细菌性疾病,特定感染的潜伏期,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria 1.
20、4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,一些重要的细菌,细菌,疾病,GSK 疫苗,白喉,破伤风,百日咳,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,一
21、些重要的细菌,细菌,疾病,GSK 疫苗,Hib 疾病,伤寒热,脑膜炎,贺新立适 (and combos),Typherix (Hepatyrix),Mencevax range,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria General description Structure Multiplication Bacteria and disease Bacterial diseases Some important bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,流
22、行病学,本章涉及的题目是:,感染来源,感染传播,一些共同问题,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology Sources of infection Routes of infection Some common terms 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,感染来源,外源性感染 来源于身体之外,内源性感染 来源于身体内或身体上,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology Sources of inf
23、ection Routes of infection Some common terms 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,感染来源,外源性感染来源,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology Sources of infection Routes of infection Some common terms 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,感染来源,内源性感染,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses
24、1.3 Bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology Sources of infection Routes of infection Some common terms 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,感染途径,1.1 Introduction 1.2 Viruses 1.3 Bacteria 1.4 Epidemiology Sources of infection Routes of infection Some common terms 1.5 Combating infectious disease Quiz one,流行病学
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