中国铁路治沙情况综述.ppt
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1、中国铁路治沙情况综述 THE SYNOPSIS OF RAILWAY SAND CONTROL IN CHINA,中国 兰州 Lanzhou China 铁道第一勘察设计院 The First Railway Survey and Design Institute of China,1.中国沙漠铁路现状 Present Circumstances of Desert Railway in China,中国是世界上沙漠分布面积最广的国家之一 ,沙漠面积(包括戈壁)达168.9km2,占国土面积的17.6。China is one of the countries which possess th
2、e largest area of desert in the world. The area of desert (Gobi included) is 1.689 million km2, amounting to 17.6% of the total area of the country. 二十世纪五十年代 至今,中国铁路的总里程已达7万公里,其中沙漠铁路为5000km。Up to now, China has built over 70,000 km of railway, of which railway line in the desert area spans more than
3、 5,000 km.,中国建成的通过沙漠地区的铁路主要有:包兰、兰新、南疆、干武、青藏、宝中、包西等20余条。目前,这些铁路都在正常运营。The 20-plus railway lines passing through the desert are: Baotou-Lanzhou Railway Line, Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway Line, Qinghai-Tibet Railway Line, South Xinjiang Railway Line, Gantang-Wuwei Railway Line, Baotou-Xian Railway Line, Ba
4、oji-Zhongwei Railway Line, Railway Line and etc. Currently the train operations on the above-mentioned railway lines are carried out normally and successfully. 沙漠地区,风沙给铁路运营造成了巨大的危害。中国的铁路部门一直在从事铁路防沙治沙的研究和实践工作,取得了一些有效的经验。Since wind and sand have caused great damages to train operations, the Chinese Mi
5、nistry of Railway has paid great effort in desert control and accumulated abundant experience.,塔克拉玛干沙漠是世界上第二大移动性沙漠,1996年,中国建成了穿越该沙漠的世界上最长的沙漠公路。这条公路是为了运输塔里木盆地的石油、天然气,发展中国西北经济而修建的。Taklimakan Desert is the second largest moving desert in the world. In 1996, China completed the 522-km Taklimakan desert
6、road, which is the longest road of its kind running through a desert. It is playing an important role for the transportation of petroleum and gas from Tarim Basin and for promoting economic development in the northwest part of China.,中国政府已经决定分三步,为这条沙漠公路修建绿化带。China has kicked off a three-phase projec
7、t to build a green belt for this road. 到2000年底,中国的科学家成功的在这条线上建成了6.3km长的试验带。By the end of 2000, Chinese scientists have built a pilot project, a 6.3-km-long forest shelter, along the highway. 现在,这条路的两侧正在植树造林。Now, trees are being planted along both sides of the highway ,which will be 522km long.,沙漠铁路位
8、置图一 Main desert railway planimetric map,沙漠铁路位置图二 Taklimakan Desert,包兰铁路沙坡头段是中国最早的、最成功的铁路沙害整治工程,现在,这里已经是著名的旅游景点了。 Shapotou sand damage control engineering of Bao-Lan railway is the earliest and most effective engineering on railway sand damage control. Now, it is a famous tourist attraction,2.风沙给铁路运营
9、和养护造成的危害 The Harm to the Railway Operation and Maintenance Caused by wind-sand,风蚀路基边坡 Corroding the slope of subgrade 沙埋 Burying steel rail- Derail 停车或减速 Retarding train movement or causing unexpected stops. 拱道 Raising of track-bed. 低接头 Sinking of the joint of the rails. 钢轨垂直磨耗 The severe wearing on
10、 the vertical plane of rails. 堵塞桥涵 Blocking bridges & culverts,Sand blown by the wind,堵塞桥涵 Blocking bridges & culverts,Bury steel rail,Corroding the slope of subgrade,3.沙害治理的原理和方法 The Basic Principles and methods of Sand Damage Control,3.1 风沙地区铁路选线原则 Special principles of selecting railway line loca
11、tion in the desert,尽量选择于河岸、固定或半固定沙丘带。Locating the line on the river bank, semi-fixed dune or fixed dune as far as possible. 线路走向尽量与通过地区主导风向平行。 Line orintation parallels to the dominant wind as far as possible. 尽量以路堤形式通过,避免较长(30m)和较深(6m)的路堑。 Selecting embankment , avoiding long(30m) or deep(6m) cut,
12、as far as possible.,3.2主要的铁路防、治沙技术 The main Sand Damage Prevention/treatment Measurements in China Railway,路基本体防风蚀措施 Measures of sand prevention on the body of subgrade 路基两侧固沙措施 Measures of sand prevention on both sides of subgrade 典型的防、治沙工程实例 Typical engineering examples,3.2.1路基本体防风蚀措施 Measures of
13、sand prevention on the body of subgrade,卵(碎)石土护坡 Pebble/crushed stone soil prevention on the slope. 栽砌卵石方格 pebble grid protection 粘性土防护 Sticky soil protection 水泥砂浆板与沥青胶砂板防护 Cement mortar board or bitumen board protection 土工网结合种草防护 Geonet and plant protection,卵(碎)石土护坡 Pebble/crushed stone soil preven
14、tion on the slope.,栽砌卵石方格 pebble grid protection,制作石方格 Pebble/gravel grid,粘性土防护 Sticky soil protection,水泥砂浆板与沥青胶砂板防护 Cement mortar board or bitumen board protection,土工网结合种草防护(一)-横断面 Geonet and plant protectioncross section,土工网结合种草防护(二)-工程实例 Geonet and plant protectionengineering example,土工网结合种草防护(三)
15、-工程实例 Geonet and plant protectionengineering example,3.3.2 路基两侧固沙措施 Measures of sand prevention on both sides of subgrade,堆铺、平铺卵砾石土 Piled/flatly pave the pebble/gravel soil 喷洒乳化石油沥青、渣油沥青 Spraying the emulsified bitumen and the residuum bitumen 土工网方格沙障 Geonet grid barrier 稻草方格沙障 Rice/reed straw grid
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