吉林大学《遗传学》第十三章 基因突变.ppt
《吉林大学《遗传学》第十三章 基因突变.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《吉林大学《遗传学》第十三章 基因突变.ppt(59页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、第十三章 基因突变,Genic Mutation,Mutation Rate,The rate is exceedingly low for all organisms生物 studied; 2. The rate is seen to vary considerably in different organisms; 3. Even within the same species, the spontaneous mutation rate varies from gene to gene.,Interpretation of Luria-Delbruck fluctuation exper
2、iment and replica plating,Bacterial resistance arises from mutations that exist before exposure to agent The bacteriocide becomes a selective agent killing the nonresistant cells, allowing only the preexisting resistant cells to survive. Mutations do not arise in particular genes as a direct respons
3、e to environment Mutations occur randomly at any time,Replica plating平板影印试验verifies preexisting mutations,Fig. 7.5b,Auxotroph(营养缺陷型): Needs supplement to grow on minimal media Prototroph(原养型): Wild-type that needs no supplement; can synthesize all required growth factors,Mutagenesis and Isolation of
4、 mutants,Conidia无性孢子 Ascospore囊孢子 Ascus子囊,Ames Test for Mutagenicity,测试用菌种 :,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌( Salmonella typhimurium)组氨酸和生物素缺陷的突变株(His-, bio-, uvrB, rfa),S-9 溶液(诱导大鼠肝脏酶系活性),The Ames test for carcinogens using his- mutants of Salmonella typhimurium,Why are enzymes added?,检测突变在分子水平上的机制,(1) 检测诱发碱基置换诱变剂的菌株:TA15
5、35, TA100; (2) 检测诱发移码突变诱变剂的菌株:TA1537, TA1538, TA98。,air and water pollution food preservation防腐剂 and additives添加剂 artificial sweeteners人造甜味剂 herbicides(除草剂) pesticides(杀虫剂) pharmaceutical products医药品,四、DNA分子水平上突变的分类,1、碱基替换:嘌呤替换嘌呤或嘧啶替换嘧啶(转换);嘌呤与嘧啶互换(颠换) 2、缺失 3、插入 4、倒位 5、易位,碱基的变化,酮式,烯醇式,氨基式,亚氨基式,氨基式,亚
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 遗传学 吉林大学遗传学第十三章 基因突变 吉林大学 第十三
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-3053046.html