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1、AIR FORCE UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS,Choose to Be Alone on Purpose,Unit 5: Section A,A. The Way to Develop This Text,I. Structure Analysis,Arguments + Narration + Examples + Comparison,The text focuses on a social phenomenon choosing to be alone on purpose
2、. What people think of living alone, who prefers living alone, the life of the solitary people, and what the writer advises for living alone.,Text StudyStructure Analysis,Narration,1 2 3-10 11-13 14-16,Ways of Development,Paragraphs,Text StudyStructure Analysis,Arguments + Examples + Comparison,Argu
3、ments + Comparison,Arguments + Narration + Examples,Arguments + Narration,Para.1 Living alone is a _ phenomenon in U.S.A. Para.2 People think of living alone as _ or _ _. Paras.310 _, and _ prefer living alone for inspiration. Paras.1113 The life of the solitary people and their need _. Paras.1416 T
4、he author advises people to _, _ and _.,common social,a national disease,a characteristic of American heroes,Poets,philosophers,stay rational,settle down,make themselves comfortable,Text StudyStructure Analysis,B. Complete the Main Ideas,to talk,II. Question Answering,Why is loneliness a sort of nat
5、ional disease in the US?,Because there are altogether 22 million of people living alone in their rooms in the US.,Text StudyUnderstanding,2. Why do poets like solitude?,Because they get inspiration from it, and they feel good about themselves for seeking it out.,Text StudyUnderstanding,3. What can b
6、e learned from Thoreaus choice of the solitary way of life?,The more positive one is toward oneself, the less the need for staying with others.,Text StudyUnderstanding,4. Why is it important for a person living alone to talk to others?,Because it is a basic need of a solitary person.,Text StudyUnder
7、standing,5. Who may the person living in solitude talk to?,They may call friends to tell them important things, or talk to himself, his pets, the television, or even to strangers in the supermarket.,Text StudyUnderstanding,Focus Study,Notes to the TextFocus Study,I never found the companion that was
8、 so companionable as solitude.,Practice,not/never so as 不如那么,我从未发现比独处更好的伙伴。, The unity of the masses with the party is stronger than ever. Ive heard the terrible noise once or twice before, but this one is louder. Men are more peaceful, more graceful with each other than ever.,Notes to the TextFocus
9、 Study,Change the sentences with “not/never so as”,Keys, The unity of the masses with the party is never so strong as it is now. Ive heard the terrible noise once or twice before, but never so loud as this one. Men are never so peaceful, so graceful with each other as they are now.,Notes to the Text
10、Focus Study,Notes to the TextFocus Study,2. It may not be where we expected to be, but for the time being we might as well call it home.,Practice,might as well do sth. 不妨; 还是为好,我们不妨一块儿去。 你不妨给客户服务部打个电话谈谈这事。,We might as well go together. You might as well phone the customer service department about it
11、.,Notes to the TextFocus Study,Notes to the TextFocus Study,3. Its good for us, and a lot less embarrassing than the woman , which is why she bought the powdered hot chocolate mix, though she never drinks it herself.,Discussion,这没什么不妥,也对我们有好处,而且不像有些 人那么令人尴尬:在超市付款处,排在前面的女 人告诉收银员,她的侄女梅利莎星期六可能会来 看她。梅莉莎
12、非常喜欢热巧克力,所以她买了速 溶热巧克力粉,虽然她自己从来不喝这东西。,Notes to the TextFocus Study,Where is the woman? Who is telling the cashier about what? Why did the woman buy the powdered hot chocolate mix?,In front of us in line at the market. Shes telling the cashier that her niece Melissa may be coming to visit on Saturday,
13、 and Melissa is very fond of hot chocolate Her niece Melissa is very fond of hot chocolate.,1. tame vt. to make sb. or sth. easy to control,A group of policemen were called out to tame the crowds.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,一队警察被叫来制服人群。,I. Word Using,2. commodity n. sth. that is useful or neces
14、sary,必须加强打击假货的力度。,Strong measures should be taken to crack down fake commodities.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,3. creep vi. to move slowly and quietly,John would creep into the gallery to listen to the singers.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,约翰会悄悄溜进楼座去听歌手唱歌。,4. dictate v. to say sth. for sb. els
15、e to write down,Shes dictating a letter to her secretary right now. The teacher dictated a passage to the class.,她现在正在给秘书口述一封信。 老师让班上的学生听写了一篇文章。,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,4. dictate (sth.) to sb. v. to tell sb. exactly what to do or how to behave,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,You cant dictat
16、e to people how they should live. I refuse to be dictated to by him.,不能强行规定人们应该怎样生活。 我拒绝听从他的指使。,5. humble a. not proud; low in rank,my humble apology a humble scientist men of humble birth a humble occupation,鄙人的道歉 谦虚的科学家 出身卑微的人 低贱的职业,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,6. apology n. a word or statement
17、 to say you are sorry for having done sth. wrong or for upsetting sb.,demand an apology accept ones apology owe sb. an apology make an apology,要求道歉 接受某人的道歉 应向某人道歉 作出道歉,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,psychology biology sociology technology,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,dictate,dictation,dictionary
18、,condition,predict,indicate,indication,contradict,contradiction,7. -proof protecting against the damaging effect of sth. else,waterproof watches a bulletproof car a soundproof room airproof pipes provide risk-proof services,防水手表 防弹汽车 隔音的房间 密封的管道 提供风险防范服务,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,8. observatio
19、n n. the process of watching sb. or sth. carefully for a period of time,a study based on detailed observation of a group of 20 patients,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,一项基于对一组20位患者 详细观察的研究,8. observation n. a spoken or written remark about sth. you have noticed,Id like to make a few observations abo
20、ut the current style of management.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,我想对当前的管理方式提出 一些看法。,9. back up to support sb., esp. in an argument,Peggy would back me up if she were here.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,要是佩吉在这儿,她一定会 支持我的说法。,10. at length in great detail; at last,不要过分详尽地讨论这个项目。 公共汽车终于来了,晚了四十分钟。,D
21、ont discuss the project at excessive length. At length the bus arrived, forty minutes late.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,11. settle down to become quiet and calm or make sb. do this,自开学以来,希拉似乎已经安定多了。,Sheila seems to have settled down more since school started.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,II.
22、Old to New,alone; lonely poems in general not great or important highest in rank/degree fairness start a journey block up; support have a great liking for,solitary poetry humble supreme justice set forth / out / off back up be fond of,Words and ExpressionsOld to New,独自地 根据最近的统计 一种民族弊病 另一方面 冒险出去 征服大自
23、然,all by oneself by recent count a sort of national disease on the other hand venture out tame nature,III. Chinese to English,Words and ExpressionsC to E,独处带来的灵感 对给予高度评价 穿上外衣 独处高士 装满 熬夜,inspiration in solitude speak highly of put on ones coat high priest of solitude fill up stay up late,Words and Ex
24、pressionsC to E,一口气地 按自己的节奏 摔倒在打滑的地板上 每日不断发生的小小 抱怨 最高法院新来的法官 极大的努力,at one sitting at ones own pace fall on a slippery floor the daily succession of small complaints a new Supreme Court justice supreme effort,Words and ExpressionsC to E,与某人争论某事 花样滑冰选手 保持理性 安静下来;定居 以自我为中心的 暂时,argue with sb. over sth.
25、figure skater stay rational settle down self-centered for the time being,Words and ExpressionsC to E,Debate,Young couples and their parents should live separately,Young couples and their parents should live together,Idea sharing,Structured Writing,Practical Writing,One of the writing techniques to d
26、evelop the main ideas is making comparison and contrast.,I. Structured Writing,Sample,Structured Writing,Expressions for Comparison & Contrast, be similar to; similarly; likewise; both; in the same way; resemble; just as; compared with; like; too differ from; be different from; unlike; in contrast t
27、o; on the other hand; on the contrary; by/in contrast; however; otherwise; nevertheless; but; while; whereas; yet; although; than; rather than,Structured Writing,Complete the following sentences:,_ to living on the farm, living in the city is an intense struggle to survive in a concrete wasteland. 2
28、. Before 1880 many people died of smallpox; _, the percentage of deaths from smallpox is small today. 3. The development of transportation and the development of communications _ in many ways. 4. There is _ hard work in writing than in physical labor.,In contrast,however,are similar,more,Structured
29、Writing,Paragraph and Essay Despite their obvious differences in length, the paragraph and the essay are quite similar structurally. For example, the paragraph is introduced by either a topic sentence or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay the first paragraph provides intro
30、ductory material and establishes the topic sentence.,Sample 1,Structured Writing,Similarly, the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that expand and support the ideas presented in the introductory paragraph. Finally, a terminatorwhether a restatement, conclusion, or observationends th
31、e paragraph. The essay, too, has a device which brings its ideas to a logically and psychologically satisfying completion: the concluding paragraph. Although exceptions to these generalizations may be observed in modern creative writing, most well- written expository paragraphs and essays are compar
32、able in structure.,Structured Writing,Sample 2,Ways of manners are different between America and Japan. For example, Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese people eat with chopsticks. Another example is that Americans say “Hi” when they meet, while Japanese bow. Besides, many Americans open d
33、oors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface, it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan. In fact, thats just the different ways of expressing kindness.,Structured Writing,Railways and Automobile Roads Some people say that railways are more important than automobile
34、 roads. But in my opinion, automobile roads and railways complement each other. Railways do not touch small places, while automobile roads can be constructed to reach every place, even villages situated in remote corners of the country.,Sample,Structured Writing,Railways are constructed only for the
35、 trains, but roads will prove equally useful for bicycles, carriages and other kinds of vehicles. The cost of building automobile roads is also such lower than that of building railways.,Structured Writing,To Section B,The End of Section A,1. vibrate vi. to shake slightly and quickly,我们能感觉到地板随 音乐的节拍
36、而颤动。,We can feel the floor vibrating to the beat of the music.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,liberate,2. stale a. no longer interesting or exciting (of food) no longer fresh and often tasting or smelling unpleasant,变味 觉得乏味 老掉牙的笑话 赶走浑浊的空气,go stale get stale the same stale old jokes get rid of the s
37、tale air,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,3. depression n. the state of feeling sad and without hope a period in which there is very little business activity and not many jobs,抑郁得不能自己 患有严重的抑郁症 极度消沉 多年的经济萧条,be overcome by depression suffer from acute depression fall into a deep depression the long yea
38、rs of economic depression,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,我们浑身是泥地走进来时,她惊呼道:“瞧瞧你们这样子!”,“Look at you!” she exclaimed when we came in, all in mud.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,4. exclaim v. to say sth. suddenly and loudly because of surprise, tear, pleasure, etc.,5. mess n. a dirty or untidy state,把
39、厨房搞得乱七八糟 收拾一下这脏乱的地方 使公司成了一个烂摊子 把经济搞得如此糟糕,make a mess in the kitchen clean up this mess leave the company in a mess make such a mess of the economy,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,6. odds n. (pl.) the chances that sth. will or will not happen,现在就投资吧预算 完成后股价可能会上涨。,Invest nowthe odds are that the share prices will rise after the budget.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,. against all (the) odds in spite of the difficulties that would make sth. impossible,尽管非常困难,赛车手 劳德在严重受伤的情况 下痊愈了。,Against all the odds, racing driver Lauda recovered from his terrible injuries.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,
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