生物化学(英文版)biochemistry-chapter 1英文1.ppt
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1、Biochemistry,Yongge Wu School of Life Science National Engineering Laboratory for Aids Vaccine Jilin University,What is Biochemistry ?,Biochemistry is the study of the molecules and chemical reactions of life. It is the discipline that uses the principles and language of chemistry to explain biology
2、 at the molecular level.,Course Organization,Static part :,Dynamic part :,To introduce structure and function of biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids etc.),To introduce chemical actions, courses and reactions in living systems, that is Metabolism.,Protein Enzyme Carbohydrate
3、Lipid Nucleic Acid Vitamin Hormone,Static biochemistry,Dynamic biochemistry,Metabolism and energy Carbohydrate metabolism Lipid metabolism Protein metabolism Nucleic acid metabolism Genetic information transmission,Contents of biochemistry,The Textbooks,Principles of Biochemistry (3rd Edition) H.R.H
4、orton等主编,科学出版社 2003.4 生物化学(第三版) 王镜岩、朱圣庚等主编,高等教育出版社 2002.9,Contents of Biochemistry (1) -This semester,Chapter 1 Introduction to Biochemistry Chapter 2 Waters Chapter 3 Amino Acids and Primary Structures of Proteins Chapter 4 Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure and Function Chapter 5 Properties of
5、Enzymes Chapter 6 Mechanisms of Enzymes Chapter 7 Carbohydrates Chapter 8 Lipids and Membranes Chapter 9 Coenzymes and Vitamins,Chapter 1 Introduction to Biochemistry,1.1 Brief history of biochemistry 1.2 What are the questions for biochemists to answer? 1.3 Biochemistry and other disciplines. 1.4 A
6、pplication of biochemistry 1.5 Basic properties of living systems,1.1 Brief history of Biochemistry,Period 1 Origin Phase the late century 18.,Period 2 Developing PhaseFrom the forepart to 40s of century 20.,Period 3 Rapid Development PhaseFrom 1950s to present.,1780s Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (Fren
7、ch): Combustion of a candle is similar to the “respiration ”of animals, as both need O2 . For the first time a physiological process was explained with reference to a nonliving mechanism. Disaffirming “The Phlogiston Theory”,Period 1 Origin Phase Modern Biochemistry was born in the late century 18 a
8、s the development of Chemistry and Physiology.,In 1838, J.J.Berzelius (Sweden chemist) named the term “Protein” which was from Greek “proteios”, meaning “most important”. But he theorized “Vitalism theory”.,In 1828,F.Whler (Germany Chemist,1800-1882)showed by synthesizing urea from ammonium cyanate
9、that compounds found in living organisms could be made in the laboratory from inorganic substrances.Accordingly,he rejected the “Vitalism theory”,V.Liebig (Germany Chemist, 18031873)was one of founders of Biochemistry. Nutrient of food were divided into Carbohydrate, Lipid and Protein. Proteins from
10、 human and animal were same on structure and properties. Protein was necessary for life. Carbohydrate can been transformd to Lipid. Carbon can been transformd to CO2 by oxygenation. Nitrogen can been transformed to urea. Brought the term “Metabolism” for the first time. Ferment was a soluble protein
11、. Its function did not depend on the integrality of yeast cell.,Louis Pasteur (French microbiologist, 1822-1895) His 3 major science achievements: 1. Disaffirmed “Autogenetic theory”. Invent “pasteurism”。 2. Every infectious disease was produced from a microorganism. Salvation French silk industry a
12、s found a invasion bacterial of silkworm. 3. Invented Rabies vaccine. But he thought mistakenly that ferment can only work in living yeast cell.,1890s, E.Buchner (German): Yeast extract(no living cell) can ferment sugar to alcohol. Enzyme can function when removed from the living cell. Rejected “vit
13、alism theory”.,In 1878,W.Kuhne called them “Enzyme” for the first time. In 1883, Anselme Payen (French chemist) discover Amylase.“-ase” was postfix of enzymes. He isolated Cellulose and named it .“-ose” was postfix of carbohydrates.,In 1877, F.Hoppe-Seyler (Genman doctor) called the term “Physiologi
14、cal chemistry” for the first time. Originated “Journal of Physiological chemistry” Isolated Heme and obtained its crystal.,In 1868, JFMiescher (Sweden doctor) isolated “nuclein” to be the founder of nucleic acid. In 1888, A.Kossel (German biochemist) proved “nuclein” was a complex of protein and nuc
15、leic acid. Isolated 4 kinds of bases. Researched the structure of nucleic acid.,In 1911,P.A.T.Levine proved the structure of sugar from nucleic acid, and named it “Ribose”. Found 2 kinds of diffenent nucleic acidRNA and DNA. Founded nucleotide. But made mistakenly “Four nucleotide hypothesis”.,Emil
16、Fischer (German chemist) was one of founder of Biochemistry. In 1900s,he theoryzed “peptide bond theory” on protein structure. Invented the method of peptide synthesis. In 1894,he theorized “Lock-Key theory” of Enzyme. In 1903,C.A.Neuberg (German) named the term “Biochemistry”. Established the “Glyc
17、olysis theory”.,Period 2 Developing PhaseFrom the forepart to 40s of century 20, the chemical essence of Enzyme and biomolecular metabolism pathways were discovered with the technology improvement of purification as chromatograpy, electrophoresis, fluorescence analysis, isotope, ultracentrifuge and
18、electronic microscope.,In 1926, J. B. Sumner (American chemist): crystalliztion of urease. He proved it is a protein.,1912-1933, Biological oxidation was researched thoroughly. 1930s, proved that Enzyme are protiens. In 1937,A.Krebs (English biochemist) discovered “Urea Cycle” and “Tricarboxylic Aci
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