Chap011 Management Decision and Control International Management Culture , Strategy and Behavior 国际企业管理文化、战略与行为课件.ppt
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1、,Management Decision and Control,chapter eleven,McGraw-Hill/Irwin,Copyright 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.,Chapter Objectives:,PROVIDE comparative examples of decision- making in different countries. PRESENT some of the major factors affecting the degree of decision-mak
2、ing authority given to overseas units. COMPARE and CONTRAST direct controls with indirect controls. DESCRIBE some of the major differences in the ways that MNCs control operations. DISCUSS some of the specific performance measures that are used to control international operations.,Decision-Making Pr
3、ocesses and Challenges,Managerial decision-making processes: method of choosing a course of action among alternatives Process is often linear Looping back is common Managerial involvement in procedure depends on structure of subsidiaries and locus of decision-making,Decision-Making Process,Factors A
4、ffecting Decision Making Authority,Comparative Examples of Decision Making,Decision-making philosophies and practices from country to country: Do international operations use similar decision-making norms? French and Danish managers used different approaches to decision-making; each more adept at di
5、fferent stages of the process. French do not value time as much as counterparts German co-determination: managers focus more on productivity and quality of goods/services than on managing subordinates.,Comparative Examples of Decision Making,Most evidence indicates overall decision-making approaches
6、 used around the world favor centralization MNCs based in U.S. Use fairly centralized decision making in managing overseas units Ensure that all units are operating according to overall strategic plan Provide necessary control for developing a worldwide strategy,Total Quality Management (TQM),Organi
7、zational strategy and accompanying techniques resulting in delivery of high quality products or services to customers Critical to achieve world-class competitiveness Manufacturing is primary area U.S. automakers have greatly improved quality of their cars in recent years Japanese have continuously i
8、mproved quality and still have the industry lead,Total Quality Management,Concurrent engineering/inter-functional teams Designers, engineers, production specialists, and customers work together to develop new products Empowerment Give individuals and teams resources, information, authority needed to
9、 develop ideas and effectively implement them Many successful TQM techniques applied to manufacturing MNCs use TQM techniques Tailor output to customer needs Require suppliers use same approach,Total Quality Management,ISO 9000 Certification Indirectly related to TQM International Standards Organiza
10、tion (ISO) to ensure quality products and services Areas examined include design, process control, purchasing, service, inspection and testing, and training. Ongoing Training Wide variety of forms such as statistical quality control and team meetings -designed to generate ideas Objective is to apply
11、 kaizen (Japanese term for continuous improvement),Quality Concerns,Comparative Examples (continued),Japanese make heavy use of ringisei (decision making by consensus) Other Japanese decision-making terms: Tatemae: “doing the right thing” according to the norm Honne: “what one really wants to do”,Th
12、e Control Process,MNC methods to control overseas operations Most combine direct and indirect controls Some prefer heavily quantifiable methods; some prefer qualitative approaches Some prefer decentralized approaches; others greater centralization,Control Process,Three common performance measures: F
13、inancial performance: typically measured by profit and return on investment Quality performance: often controlled through quality circles Personnel performance: typically judged through performance evaluation techniques.,Three Models of PC Manufacturing:,Models of PC Manufacturing,Models of PC Manuf
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- Chap011 Management Decision and Control International Culture Strategy Behavior 国际企业管理文化、战略与行为课件 国际 企业管理
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