NEW GOM3-SUPPLEMENT AND EXERCISE.ppt
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1、GOM3,Exercise,Return to King for Using More Machines,Return to King for Using More Machines,Question: The model J Wagon is to be assembled on a conveyor belt. Five hundred wagons are required per day. Production time per day is 420 minutes, and the assembly steps and times for the wagon are given in
2、 the following Exhibit. Assignment: find the balance that minimizes the number of workstations, subject to cycle time and precedence constraints.,1. Draw a Precedence Diagram.,A,B,C,F,J,D,E,H,I,G,K,45 sec,50 sec,11 sec,15 sec,9 sec,12 sec,12 sec,12 sec,12 sec,8 sec,9 sec,2. Determine workstation cyc
3、le time. Here we have to convert to seconds because Our task time are in seconds,3. Determine the theoretical minimum number of workstations required (the Actual number may be greater.,A,B,C,F,J,D,E,H,I,G,K,45 sec,50 sec,11 sec,15 sec,9 sec,12 sec,12 sec,12 sec,12 sec,8 sec,9 sec,WS1,WS2,WS3: B,E,C,
4、F,WS4: G,H,I,J,WS5,4. Select assignment rules a. assign tasks in order of the largest number of following tasks b. assign tasks in order of longest task time 5. Make task assignments to form Workstation 1, Workstation 2 6. Calculate efficiency: assume 5 first? 7. Evaluate the solution. An efficiency
5、 of 77 percent indicates an imbalance or idle time of 27 percent across the entire line. 8. Is a better balance possible? Yes, Try balancing the line with rule b. and break ties with rule a. (This will give yo0u a feasible four-station balance.,Question A company is considering adding a new feature
6、that will increase unit sales by 6 percent and product cost by 10 percent. Profit is expected to increase by 16 percent of the increased sales. Initially the product cost incurred by the company was 63 percent of the sales price. Should be the feature be added? Let the sales be $100M.,Solution Day 1
7、 Problem 1 Sales increase by 6% = $100M x 6% = $6M Benefits: Profits increase by 16% of the increased sales = $6M x 16% = $0.96M Cost: Increase product cost by 10% = ($100M x 63%) x 10% = $6.3M Because costs exceed benefits, the new feature should not be added.,Question An automobile manufacturer is
8、 considering a change in an assembly line that should save money due to a reduction in labor and material cost. The change involves the installation of four new robots that will automatically install windshields. The cost of the four robots, including installation and initial programming, is $400,00
9、0. Current practice is to amortize the initial cost of robots over two years on a straight-line basis. The process engineer estimates that one full-time technician will be needed to monitor, maintain, and reprogram the robots on an ongoing basis. This person will cost approximately $60,000 per year.
10、 Currently, the company uses four full-time employees on this job and they each make about $52,000 per year. One of these employees is a material handler, and this person will still be needed with the new process. To complicate matters, the process engineer estimates that the robots will apply the w
11、indshield sealing material in a manner that will result in a savings of $0.25 per windshield installed. How many automobiles need to be produced over the next two years to make the new robots an attractive investment? Due to the relatively short horizon, do not consider the time value of money.,Solu
12、tion: Cost of the current process over the next two years is just the cost of the four full-time employees. $52,000/employees x 4 employees x 2 years = $416,000 The cost of the new process over the next two years, assuming the robot is completely costed over that time, is the following: ($52,000/mat
13、erial handler + $60,000/technician) x 2 + $400,000/robots - $0.25 x autos Equating the two alternatives: $416,000 = $624,000 - $0.25 x autos Solving for the break-even point: -$208,000/-$0.25 = 832,000autos This indicates that to break even, 832,000 autos would need to be produced with the robots ov
14、er the next two years.,ISO 9000 series Quality system 9001: model for quality assurance in design, production, installation, and servicing 9002: model quality assurance in production and installation. 9003: model for quality assurance in final inspection test. Guidelines for Use 9000: quality manage
15、ment and quality assurance standardsguidelines for selection and use. Quality management and quality elements-guidelines,Quality System,Design/ development,Procurement,Production,Installation,Servicing,ISO9002,Design/ development,Procurement,Production,Installation,Servicing,ISO9003,ISO 9001,Questio
16、n Management is trying to decide whether Part A, which is produced with a consistent 3 percent defective rate, should be inspected. If it is not inspected, the 3 percent defectives will go through a product assembly phase and have to be replaced later. If all Part As are inspected, one-third of the
17、defectives will be found, thus raising the quality to 2 percent defectives. a. should the inspection be done if the cost of inspecting is $0.01 per unit and the cost of replacing a defective in the final assembly is $4.00? b. suppose the cost of inspecting is $0.05 per unit rather than $0.01. Would
18、this change your answers in “a”?,Solution: Should Part A be inspected? .03 defective with no inspection .02 defective with inspection a. This problem can be solved simply by looking at the opportunity for 1 percent improvement. Benefit = .01 ($4.00) = $0.04 Cost of inspection = $0.01 Therefore, insp
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