过去分词.ppt
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1、过去分词,一、过去分词的形式 1、规则动词的过去分词由动词的原形加上ed构成 , 少数不规则动词为不规则形式, 2、过去分词一般只有一种形式,但是有的不规则动词的过去分词有两种形式。如: born 生 lit 燃着 got 得到 borne 负担 lighted 燃着的 gotten 得到的 shrunk 被收缩 hung 悬挂 struck 被打击 shrunken已收缩的 hanged 绞死 stricken 被打中的 rotted 被腐烂 sunk 陷下 rotten 腐烂的 sunken 陷下的,二、过去分词的功能及用法 1. 过去分词做表语 . 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是
2、被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了. The cup is broken. 茶杯破了. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. He is retired. 他已退休. 注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别: The window is broken.(系表) The window was broken by the boy.(被动),. 与现在分词作表语的区别。 现在分词:主语的特征或性质,“令人”,有主动意思。 e.g. How disappointing the electi
3、on is! 过去分词:主语的感受,“感到”,有被动意思。 e.g. They feel disappointed at the election.,after a long walk on a hot day, one often feels _. A. exhaustive B. exhausting C. exhaust D. exhausted I was so _ in todays history lesson, I didnt understand a thing. A. amazed B. neglected C. confused D. amused,2、过去分词做定语 作定
4、语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词 及物动词的过去分词具有被动意义和完成意义。如: the unexpected loss 意外损失 planned economy 计划经济 changed condition 改变了的情况 armed forces 武装部队,不及物动词的过去分词具有主动和完成意义。如: fallen leaves 落叶 faded flowers 凋谢的花 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前 ,如: We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 过去分词短语用作定语时,
5、一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中. The concert given by their friends was a success.,过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号.如: The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. Homework _ on time will lead to better grades. A. done B. be done C. having done D. to have been done
6、 Life is a candle _ to burn ever brighter. A. being meant B. meaning C. to mean D. meant,3、当过去分词作为状语 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作. Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 【注意】有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于
7、); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦). Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.,过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致. Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. 【注意】如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这
8、种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出,汽车就开动了,Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句. Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了. (源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.) Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在
9、肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.(源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil. ) 【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语. 如:,When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定. 过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开. He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to te
10、ars, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶. _ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A. When compared B. Compare C. While comparing D. Comparing,Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when _ alone. A. seen B. is seen C. to be seen
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