第二篇句法状语从句.ppt
《第二篇句法状语从句.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《第二篇句法状语从句.ppt(30页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、中考英语复习方案 语法部分,第二篇 句法 状语从句,复习要点 1.时间状语从句 2. 条件状语从句 3. 比较状语从句 4. 结果状语从句 5. 原因状语从句 6. 目的状语从句 7. 让步状语从句 8.方式状语从句 9. 地点状语从句,The Adverbial Clause 状语从句 状语从句是副词性从句,其句法功能是修饰谓语或整个句子等,在句中作状语,通常由从属连词引导。 状语从句不仅是初中英语学习的重点,而且也是每年中考必考的内容之一。命题主要集中在引导状语从句的连词、状语从句的时态等方面;从九大状语从句来看,应将复习重点放在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句这四种
2、上。,1.时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连词有:while, when, as, as soon as, till, until, notuntil, before, after, since, etc 1)when,while,as 三者均可表示“当的时候”,如果主句表示的是短暂的动作,而从句表示的是一段时间,三者可通用。如: I met Kang Li as when while I was walking along the street as 和when都可与终止性动词连用, while只能与延续性动词连用。如: It was snowing when we got to the a
3、irport(不能用 while) as强调主句与从句表示的动作同时发生;while强调主句表示的动作持续于while所指的整个时间内;when可指主、从句所述动作同时或先后发生。如: He sang as he went along Please write while I read When he reached home, he had a little rest,难点链接,2) before, after before表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之前,意为“在之 前”。 after表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后,意为 “在 之后”。如: They had already ha
4、d breakfast before they went to school They talked about the party after the people left. 3) until, till until和till在肯定句中表示“直到为止”,主句要用延续性动词;在否定句中,表示“直到才”,主句常用终止性动词,这时till和until可用 before替换。如: I waited till until he arrived I will wait until he comes. We wont start until till before Bob comes 4) as soo
5、n as 表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后, 意为“一就”。如果主句是一般将来时,情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时,时间状语从句用一般现在时。如: My brother went out as soon as I got home. Ill phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua 5)since: 表示 “自从以来”,从句中常用过去时,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时.(对since 引导的时间状语提问要用how long).如: Where have you been since I saw you last?,难点链接,时间状语从句中较难掌握的几点:
6、until (till) 直到,在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中,主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词,它要用肯定句,如: I studied hard until 12 oclock last night. 如果动词是瞬间截止性动词,则要用否定句,如: He didnt go to bed until his mother came back 由since, for, by, before 来引导的时间状语从句。 since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间,如: I have studied English since 1990. 而由 by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结
7、束时间,如: I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term.而before 则多用于完成时, ago 则多用于一般过去时,如: He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,如: If it rains, they wont go to the park on Sunday 也可以主句是一般过去时,从句用过去将来时,如: H
8、e said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park 考试中常见的考点有:要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句,因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态,如: I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系,如: I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow,难点链接,注意: 在时间状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态应按下列规律确定。 1)主句一般将来时,从句用一般现在时(特别是用 a
9、s soon as 引导从句时):The boy will be a writer when he grows up. Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York. 2) 主句含有情态动词,从句用一般现在时: When the lights are red, the traffic must stop. 3) 主句为祈使句时,从句用一般现在时: Please dont go to bed before you finish your homework. 4) 主句为一般过去时,从句也用过去时态: I liked reading when I was
10、 young. 5)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如: The young man read till the light went out. Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off until the bus stops.,难点链接,2. 条件状语从句 1)引导条件状语从句的连词有if(如果)、unless(
11、除非)等,条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样,如果主句用将来时,从句要用现在时代替将来时。如:What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Dont leave the building unless I tell you to. 2) unless在意义上相当于ifnot。 You will fail unless you study hardYou will fail if you dont study hard 3) “祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。其中,and表示句意顺承;or表示转折,意为“否则”。
12、例如: Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 4)用介词with, without可以把条件状语从句改写成简单句: If there is no water, the fish may die. = Fish may die without water. If you help me, Ill finish my task on time.
13、= With your help, Ill finish my task on time.,难点链接,3. 比较状语从句 比较状语从句通常由asas, 比较级 + than等连词引导,比较连词前后的结构要一致。例如: Tom runs faster than John does. This classroom is as big as that one. 1)表示甲与乙在某一方面相同时,用“as原级as”句型;表示甲在某一方面不如乙时,用“not as so 原级as”句型。如: Dalian is as beautiful as Shenzhen I dont run as so fast
14、as Kang Li 2)表示甲超过或不及乙时,用“比较级从句”(从句中常省略意义与主句相同的部分)。 He runs faster than you(do) Today is less cold than yesterday 3)要注意的是表示“越来越“这一概念时有两个句型: 比较级and比较级,如: The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful 定冠词 the 比较级 the 比较级,如: The harder you study, the more yo
15、u can learn,难点链接,4. 结果状语从句 (1)结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat, so that引导。常用句型有: so形容词副词that从句 such a an 形容词单数可数名词 that从句 such形容词复数可数名词不可数名词that从句 so形容词a an单数可数名词that从句 例如: He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him He told us such funny stories that we all laughed He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for h
16、is son. She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it. (2)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时,只能用so, 不用such。 例如: Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with yo
17、u.,难点链接,(3)sothat和such.that 在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中,so是副词,与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词(副词)+ that + 从句”。例如: He was so glad that he couldnt say a word. The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. 在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中,such是形容词,它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词,也可以是不可数名
18、词;名词前面可以带形容词,也可不带。如果是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如: It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling. He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如: It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted
19、 to see it again. =The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again. It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it. =The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.,难点链接,5. 原因状语从句 (1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。because常回答why引导的疑问句,该从句一般位于主句后;since比as正式,两者不回答why引
20、导的问句,而且其从句一般放在句首。如: He didnt come to school because he was ill. As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo. Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else. (2)because表示直接原因,语气最强。because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题,只能用because。as和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如: -Why arent go
21、ing there?-Because I dont want to. As he has no car, he cant get there easily. Since we have no money, we cant buy it. (3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。 (4)for是并列连词,引导的句子不置于句首,是一种非直接的、随便附加说明的理由或推断。 The oil must be out, for the light went out. (5)because和becouse of 也有明显的区别。because后面要跟从句,而because of 后面要跟名词短语。H
22、e is late for school because it rains heavily. He is late for school because of the heavy rain.,难点链接,6. 目的状语从句 (1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导。例如: We started early so that we could catch the first train. He studies hard so that he could work better in the future. We used the computer in order
23、that we might save time. (2)so that既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个:1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看,目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如: Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句) Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句),难点链接,(3)结果和目的状语从句还要注意以几点: so that用在单数可数名词前,so 形容词 a
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 第二 句法 状语 从句
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-3122574.html