第五课.ppt
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1、Unit Five,Speech on Hitlers Invasion of the U. S. S. R.,Teaching Objectives of Lesson 5,To acquaint students with the historical background of WWII. To help students to appreciate speech writing To enable students to appreciate the rhetorical devices in the text.,Basic knowledge of public speeches,1
2、) Four types of public speeches (1) Informative speech (传递信息型) -to convey information, to teach audience how to do something. -techniques: discussion/explanation/description/illustration -styles: clarity, simplicity (2) Persuasive speech ( 劝说型) -to influence or change audiences feelings and beliefs,
3、 to exhort them to take action. -techniques: intellectual, logical, emotional appeal, used by lawyer, candidate for office, whoever argues for or against a proposal, an opinion, or a new theory. -based on facts, statistics, logical reasoning (3)Entertaining speech (娱乐型) -to interest, entertain, amus
4、e audience rather than arouse serious response -on festive occasions: party, dinner, stories, humorous remarks (4) Stimulating speech (激励型) -to stimulate, to impress (grouped under persuasive speech) -to reinforce the beliefs or attitudes of the audience, appealing to emotion rather than logic or in
5、formation. Memorial services, inauguration ceremonies, anniversaries, solemn celebrations),2) Manners of delivery,(1) reading from a manuscript (2) reciting from memory (3) speaking impromptu (即兴演讲) (4) speaking extemporaneously (根据提纲演讲) 3) Components of public speaking (1) Introductionto make known
6、 the topic and the purpose of a speech. It usually has a few sentences of introductory materials, telling the audience what the speaker is going to talk about. It also intends to arouse the audiences interest, attention/ or giving background (2) Bodyto support and develop the topic; to fulfill the p
7、urpose stated in the introduction by presenting reasons, examples and other supporting materials; usu. Subsections, with topic sentence each. (3) Conclusionsummary of the theme. 4) Common figures of speech used in a political speech parallel and balanced structures; repetition ; antithesis for force
8、 ,vividness and emotional appeal. The object of a political speech is to explain, convince and persuade the people that what he is saying and planning to do best represents their interests so they should support him.,What do you know about Churchill?,Statue of Winston Churchill in Parliament Square,
9、 opposite the Palace of Westminster in central London.,Part 1The background of the broadcast,Names and terms Sir Winston Spencer ChurchillPrime Minister 首相 First Lord of the Treasury 财政大臣 Minister of Defense 国防大臣 Leader of the Opposition 反对党领袖 General DillBritish field marshal, 陆军元帅 Chief of the Imp
10、erial General Staff 总参谋长 Robert Anthony Eden Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 外交大臣 Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs 自治领大臣 Secretary of State for War 战争事务大臣 leader of the House of Commons 下议院 (the House of Lords) 上议院 (Cabinet-important parliamentarians) 内阁 (Cabinet ministers are appointe
11、d by the Sovereign) Lord BeaverbrookMinister of Aircraft Production, of Supplies 飞机生产大臣和供应大臣 Sir Stafford CrippsBritish Ambassador to Moscow 英国驻莫斯科大使 Edward BridgesSecretary of the Cabinet (内阁大臣),British Empiresthe United Kingdom plus her colonies and protectorates Chequers : the official country se
12、at of the prime minister of Great Britain, 35 miles of NW of London Dominion a self-governing member of the British Commonwealth of Nations, before 1939, they referred to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, etc., the word dominion was no longer used after 1947. Commonwealth of Nations : a voluntary asso
13、ciation of states which is made up of Britain and her former colonies but now independent nations. Even though Britain granted its colonial territories independence , it continued to feel close and connected to each other as they shared similar histories, laws, economic concerns and cultural experie
14、nces. The commonwealth was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network. There are 50 members of the Commonwealth : many of these are developing countries in Africa, the Caribbean and the South Pacific; others are advanced industrial nations like Canada, Australia and
15、 New Zealand. In addition to holding conferences and meetings, the Commonwealth provides educational and teaching help. Two-thirds of British development aid goes to Commonwealth countries.,General questions on Part I,1. Where was the text taken from? From Churchills works The Second World War,) 2.
16、When and how did the Germans attack the Soviet Union? Sunday, Jun 22. on an enormous front by air. (as it did to Poland) 3. Why were the Soviet Union troops surprised? In March 193, Britain and France started talks with the Soviet Union on possible cooperation against Fascist Germany In order to pro
17、tect itself, the Soviet Union signed the Non-aggression Pact with Hitlers Germany on August 23. then Soviet Union had a war with Finland.,Focus on words and expressions,Para 1: General Dill, who had hastened down from London had surprised a large portion ofgrounded on the airfields they will be roun
18、ded up in hordes Para 4: Hitler was counting on enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country Winant said the same would be true of the U.S.A Para 5: he reverted to this theme I asked whether for him, the arch anti-Communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon (note 10)
19、 If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons. Para 6: by a telephone message from the F.O. to the effect that ,Down go up to the north, go down to the south go up to London, go down from London, to the beach, town, 北上抗日, 南下干部, 上山下乡, 下基层, 上访
20、, 走上层路线 Count onrely on He was counting on my support, but I disappointed him. My plan of going abroad counts on my having high marks on TOFLE test. She is a person who can be counted on in times of troubles. enlist (vi) -join the army Many men enlisted for the defense of their country. He enlisted
21、when he was eighteen. (vt)-to enroll sb in the army (vt), to take sb. in an activity. They are not enlisting men over 35. The mayor tried to enlist every citizen in the clean-up campaign. (vt)-to win support and help from we need to enlist the sympathy and help from more rich people so that they can
22、 donate more. Many people lost their homes in the flood. We are trying to enlist more help in collecting money for them.,The Right Wing: the more conservative or reactionary section of a political party,etc. 左倾, 极左份子, 这人太左了点; 右倾, The same is true of true as regards; true concerning 德语的语法很复杂,俄语也一样。 G
23、erman grammar is very complicated. The same is true of Russia. 上海的交通安全很拥挤,特别是在高峰期.全世界的大城市都一样。 Traffic in Shanghai is quite heavy, especially in the rush hour. The same is true of the big cities all over the world. to that effect with the general meaning 大意为 She said she hated French, or words to tha
24、t effect. If you think that the matter should be more fully discussed, I will send him a letter to that effect. She called him a coward or words to that effect. A rumor was spread around to the effect that the firm was in financial difficulties. He left a note to the effect that he would not be retu
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