老外教你十分钟看懂中国文化.ppt
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1、十分钟看懂中国,What is China ?(中国到底怎样?) The Peoples Republic of China commonly known as China is located in east Asia, and borders 14 nations or any other county in the world.(中华人民共和国,简称中国,位于东亚。与14个国家或地区接壤) It is the most populous state in the world with a 1.3 billion citizens while the worlds population i
2、s 6.8 billion That means other every 5 people in the world one is Chinese.(是世界人口最多的国家有13亿人口,而世界人口是68亿,也就是说世界上每五个人中就有一个中国人),Chinas made of 56 distinctive(显著的,特殊的) ethnic groups(民族)with Han Chinese making the 92% of its whole population.(中国有56个民族,汉族占总人口的92%) China is a single party state governed by t
3、he Communist Party of China whose power is enshrined in Chinese constitution.(由中国共产党执政,执政地位被写入宪法中) Though China is officially an atheist country its religious roots lie within Confucianism Buddhism and Taoism and from these most social and moral values are derived(衍生,起源_).There are also a significan
4、t number of Chinese Muslims who arrived via the silk road trade route and still retain (保持,保留)their distinct culture.(中国奉行无神论,其宗教文化扎根于儒教、佛教和道教。社会道德也多根源于此。中国也有大量的穆斯林,沿丝绸之路到达中国,保持着自己的传统),History China is one of the world oldest civilizations dating back more than 5 million year and was ruled by succes
5、sive(持续的) dynasties until 1912.(中国是文明古国之一有五千年文明,世袭的封建王朝结束于1912年) During these time many great discoveries in fields(领域) of science and technology were made including the inventions of printing paper gun power and compass.(中国古代有许多重要的科技发明,包括印刷术,造纸术,火药和指南针) This period also saw the construction of many
6、 landmarks such as the great wall which stretches(延伸,扩展)over 4000 miles equals to 30 return travels from London to Paris.(也有很多著名的建筑,比如绵延四千英里的长城,相当于往返伦敦和巴黎30次的距离),After a period of foreign occupation and civil war(内战),the Communist Party of China led by Mao gained control of mainland China in 1949 an
7、d established PRC.(抗战和内战结束后,毛泽东领导共产党于1949年夺取了中国大陆的政权,建立了中华人民共和国) The modern China of today is as much shaped by its past as its rapidly looking to the future While many of its big cities are comparable to(类似) any in the west the underlying culture is still vastly different Traveling outside large ur
8、ban areas also highlights(使显著) the growing disparity between rich and poor(贫富差距).(中国的历史和未来塑造了当今的中国,许多城市很像西方的大城市,但二者存在着巨大的文化差异,走出城市就能看到不断增大的城乡贫富差距),Language Chinese which is the most widely spoken language in the world as well as one of the most impenetrable(难以理解的)for foreigners There are many region
9、al dialects of Chinese although the most widely spoken is Mandarin(普通话) and Cantonese(粤语).(汉语是世界上使用最广泛同时让外国人最难搞懂的语言之一,汉语的方言很多,使用最多的是普通话和粤语) Chinese characters(汉字) evolved over time from earlier forms of hieroglyphs(象形文字). Chinese contains over 40,000 characters but a well-educated person can recogni
10、ze around 6000 characters some 3000 are required to read a newspaper.(汉子发源于象形文字,有超过四万个汉字,受过良好教育的人能认识大约6000个字,阅读报纸需要认识三千字左右,Chinese calendar(农历) Chinese Zodiac(十二宫图)s a scheme(计划、方案) that relates each year to an animal This is the year of the rabbit.(中国人用十二生肖来代表年份,今年是兔年) Chinese new year is the most
11、important of traditional Chinese holidays Windows and doors will be decorated with red color paper-cuts(剪纸) and couplets with popular themes of happiness wealth and longevity(长寿).On the Eve of Chinese New Year supper is a feast with families The family will end the night with firecrackers Early the
12、next morning children will meet their parents by wishing them a healthy and happy new year and receive money in red paper envelops(农历新年是最重要的传统节日,门窗会贴上红色的剪纸和对联,象征幸福,富裕和长寿。除夕夜,家人回忆起吃年夜饭过年时会放鞭炮,大年初一,小孩子会给长辈拜年,长辈则会发红包),Chinese people love red color which symbolizes prosperity(繁荣) and good luck.(中国人喜欢红色,
13、红色象征着繁荣和吉利) The period around Chinese new year is also the time of the largest human migration and between 150 and 200 million migrant workers(农民工) in China bring home their earnings and go to have a unit dinner with their families on Chinese new year eve.(最大的人类迁徙也发生于春节期间,一点五到两亿农民工会带回一年的收入,和家人一起吃团圆饭
14、),Youth Most married couples in China are subjected to one child policy which is introduced in 1979 to curb(控制) massive(大量的)population growth It is believed to have prevented more than 300 million births since then.(大多数夫妻都需要遵守一胎化政策,这是1979年的计划生育政策,据说,该政策避免了3亿人口的出生) Another consequence of the policy h
15、as been the emergence(出现) of so called “little emperors”a generation of self-centered consumers has developed.(政策的另一个结果是造就了一代小皇帝,以自我为中心的一代人),While Chinese education system has rapidly developed there remains a heavy emphasis(重点) on passing exams The upshot of this is that exams dictate the curriculu
16、m(课程) while Chinese students can master and memorize incredible amounts of knowledge and information they often lack the ability to critically think develop their own opinions and engage in creative activities.(批判思维,独立思考和创新能力).(中国的教育在发展,但仍然以应试为主,课程学习都以考试为中心,中国的学生能记住大量的知识和信息,但却缺乏批判性思维,独立思维和创新的能力) Due
17、 to the propensity for preferring sons over daughters China is facing a large population imbalance with currently around 120 boys born for every 100 girls By 2020,there will be 30 million more men than women.(由于更加偏爱男孩,中国失衡的男女性别比达到了120;100,到2020年,男性将比女性多三千万),Economy Since economic opening up and refo
18、rm policy began in 1978,Chinas economy has grown 90 times bigger and is the fastest growing major economy in the world Chinas annual average GDP growth is predicted to be 9.5 percent for the period of 2011-2015.It is the worlds largest exporter and the second largest importer of goods.(自1978年改革开放以来,
19、中国经济增长了90倍,是增长最快的主要经济体,预测2011年到2015年,年均GDP增长会保持9.5%,中国是世界最大的出口国和第二大进口国) It is also known as the worlds second biggest consumer of luxury goods.(也是世界第二大奢侈品消费国) It now has the worlds second largest GDP at about 6 trillion US dollars,40 percent of the United States Although its per capita income a 4300
20、 US dollar is still low and puts the China behind roughly a hundred countries.(目前的GDP位于世界第二,大约6万亿美元,相当于美国的四成,但人均只有4300美元,排名一百位开外),Chinas growth has been uneven(不均衡) when comparing different geographic regions and rural and urban areas Development has also been mainly concentrated in the eastern coas
21、tal regions while the remainder of this country are left behind.(不同地区,城乡之间发展也不均衡发达地区集中在东南沿海其余地方则普遍落后) In the past decade Chinese cities expanded at an average rate of 10 percent annually a scale unprecedented in human history.(过去十年,城市以年均10%的速度扩张这是人类历史上前所未有规模) China is a country crazy for skyscrapers
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