第十六讲虚拟式.ppt
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1、He looks as if he could _.,read papers,I wish I could _.,Chains practice,If my students were as sleepy as they are, I would be very sad; If I were very sad, I would call their parents; If I called their parents, my students would be sad, too; If they were sad, they couldnt learn English well”,Subjun
2、ctive Mood 虚拟语气,I. 概述,语气 (mood) 是动词的一种形式,它表示动词的作用和说话人对动作或状态的态度。,英语动词有三种语气: 陈述语气、 (the Indicative Mood )祈使语气(the Imperative Mood ) 和虚拟语气。,虚拟语气 ( subjunctive Mood ) 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望, 假设或推测。,谓语动词形式,所指时间,从 句,主 句,现 在,过 去,将 来,did,should/would/ could/might do,had done,should do 或 did 或were to +
3、do,should / would / might / could/ have done,II. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法,should /would /could /might do,III. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法举例:,1. 表示对现在情况的虚拟:,If he had time, he would / could / might go with you. If I were you, I should / would / could / might tell him the truth.,2. 表示对过去情况的虚拟:,If I had had the money last
4、year, I should / would / could /might have bought a house. He would / could / might / have telephoned you immediately, if he had won the game.,3. 表示对将来情况的虚拟:,If he should come / came / were to come, I should / would / could / might ask him about it. If there should be / were / were to be something w
5、rong, they would / could / might let you know at once.,If 的省略,如果条件从句中有were, had 或 should, 可以把 if 省略, 把这几个词放到主语之前, 构成主谓倒装, 如:,If I were you, I would not do it. If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. If I had time, I would go.,Were I you, ,Were I to meet him tomorrow, ,Had I time,
6、,If he had been more careful, such mistakes could have been avoided. If you should change your mind, no one would blame you.,= Had he been more careful, ,= Should you change your mind, ,错综时间非真实条件句,在非真实条件句中, 主句与从句所指的时间通常一致的, 但有时可能不一致, 这种句子被称为错综时间非真实条件句(unreal conditional sentence of mixed time). 这种句子
7、需根据句意来选择适当的虚拟形式, 如:,He would be dead now if the doctor had not operated on him right away. If I were rich, I would have bought a house last year.,Exercise,- Did you submit (递交) your application for a Masters degree? - Not yet. If I _ to seen my father, I would have. A. didnt go B. havent gone C. wou
8、ldnt have gone D. hadnt gone 2. - Do you think the thief entered through the garage door? - No, if he had, I dont believe _ broken the living room window. A. would he have B. he had C. he would have D. he has,3. _, Id have told you. A. If I would have known it B. If I had have known it C. Had I know
9、n it D. Should I know it 4. - _ it rain tomorrow, what would I do? - Dont worry, it promises to be fine. A. Shall B. Should C. Were D. Had,IV. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法,1. 在主语从句中的用法,虚拟语气常使用在以It is / was 开头的复合句的主语从句中,表示命令, 要求, 建议等,谓语动词为should be 或be型虚拟形式:,It is important that every member (should) inform himsel
10、f of these rules. It is our wish that he (should) recover soon. It is decided that the meeting (should) be postponed till next Monday.,常用于主句中的adj. n.和 v (p.p) 有: important,necessary,natural,strange, a pity, a shame,no wonder, best, better, desirable(称心如意的), fitting(适合的), important, preferable (更好的),
11、 proper, decided (无疑的,果断的), ordered (井然有序的, 有规律的), recommended, requested, required, insisted, proposed 等,Exercise,It is requested that each question _ (answer). It is imperative that you _ (not seen) here. 3. It was dicided at that time the search _ (terminate). 4. It was ordered that no smoking _
12、(allow) in the library. 5. It is necessary that the customs of all nations _ (respect).,(should) be answered,(should) not be seen,(should) be terminated,(should) be allowed,(should) be respected,2. 在宾语从句中的用法,虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法主要有三种情况:, 在某些动词后的宾语从句中: 表示命令, 要求, 建议, 形式为should do 型或do 型, 如:,He insisted that
13、his daughter (should) come. He ordered that the letter (should ) be mailed at once. The laws requires that everyone (should) take a test for a drivers license.,常用于主语的谓语动词有: ask, decide, demand, desire, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, request, require, suggest, urge等.,但注意:在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己
14、, 用 陈述气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气. 3.she insists that she is right. 4.she insisted that I should finish the work now. 或者说,suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时 即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时,宾语从句 陈述语气。 判断改错: 11.You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. 12. Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 13. I insisted that
15、you ( should) be wrong. 14. I insisted that you were wrong., 在以 it 为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中: 表示要求, 建议等,谓语动词为should be 型或be 型,如:,I think it advisable (明智的) that he (should) have his car serviced. We consider it imperative (必须的) that a meeting (should) be held immediately.,常在主句中作宾语补语的adj., 与主语从句中使用虚拟语气主句中的adj.相同
16、., 在动词wish的宾语从句中:表示与现在或过去的事实相反, 或对于将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略that.,1) 表示对现在情况的虚拟: 用were 虚拟形式, 如:,I wish I knew his address. (= I am sorry I dont know his address. I wish it were summer now.,表示对现在情况的虚拟的直接引语, 在变成间接引语时动词形式不变, 如:,“I wish my brother didnt live so far,” he said.,He said he wished his brother didnt li
17、ve so far.,2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟: 通常用had done 型虚拟形式, 如:,I wished I hadnt spent so much money. = ( I was sorry I had spent so much money.) They wish they had not lost the chance.,3) 表示对将来的主观愿望: 谓语动词为would/could +v 原形.,I wish it would stop raining. I wish prices would come down. I wish I could go.,Exercise,I
18、wish I _ ( tell ) him the truth months ago. They proposed that this matter _ (consider) at the next meeting. He recommended that everyone _ (buy) this dictionary. John insisted that the work _ (finish) by the middle of June.,had told,(should) be considered,(should) buy,(should) be finished,3. 在表语从句中
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