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1、France,The History,Prehistory (Before the 6th century BC) The oldest traces of human life in what is now France date from approximately 1.8 million years ago. Humans were then confronted by a harsh and variable climate, marked by several glacial eras. Early homonids led a nomadic hunter-gatherer lif
2、e. France has a large number of decorated caves from the upper Paleolithic era, including one of the most famous and best preserved: Lascaux (approximately 18,000 BC). At the end of the last glacial period (10,000 BC), the climate became milder; from approximately 7,000 BC, this part of Western Euro
3、pe entered the Neolithic era and its inhabitants became sedentary. After strong demographic and agricultural development between the 4th and 3rd millennia, metallurgy appeared at the end of the 3rd millennium, initially working gold, copper and bronze, and later iron. France has numerous megalithic
4、sites from the Neolithic period, including the exceptionally dense Carnac stones site (approximately 3,300 BC).,One of the Lascaux paintings: a horse Dordogne, approximately 18,000 BC,The Culture,France has been a center of Western cultural development for centuries. Many French artists have been am
5、ong the most renowned of their time, and France is still recognized in the world for its rich cultural tradition. The successive political regimes have always promoted artistic creation, and the creation of the Ministry of Culture in 1959 helped preserve the cultural heritage of the country and make
6、 it available to the public. The Ministry of Culture has been very active since its creation, granting subsidies to artists, promoting French culture in the world, supporting festivals and cultural events, protecting historical monuments. The French government also succeeded in maintaining a cultura
7、l exception to defend audiovisual products made in the country. France receives the highest number of tourists per year, largely thanks to the numerous cultural establishments and historical buildings implanted all over the territory. It counts 1,200 museums welcoming more than 50 million people ann
8、ually. The most important cultural sites are run by the government, for instance through the public agency Centre des monuments nationaux, which is responsible for approximately 85 national historical monuments. The 43,180 buildings protected as historical monuments include mainly residences (many c
9、astles, or chteaux in French) and religious buildings (cathedrals, basilicas, churches, etc.), but also statutes, memorials and gardens. The UNESCO inscribed 41 sites in France on the World Heritage List.,Chteau de Chenonceau in the Loire valley,Saint Louis Sainte Chapelle represents the French impa
10、ct on religious architecture.,The Cuisine,French cuisine is renowned for being one of the finest in the world. According to the regions, traditional recipes are different, the North of the country prefers to use butter as the preferred fat for cooking, whereas olive oil is more commonly used in the
11、South. Moreover, each region of France has iconic traditional specialities : Cassoulet in the Southwest, Choucroute in Alsace, Quiche in the Lorraine region, Beef bourguignon in the Bourgogne, provenal Tapenade, etc. Frances most renowned products are wines, including Champagne, Bordeaux, Bourgogne,
12、 and Beaujolais as well as a large variety of different cheeses, such as Camembert, Roquefort and Brie. There are more than 400 different varieties. A meal often consists of three courses, hors duvre or entre (introductory course, sometimes soup), plat principal (main course), fromage (cheese course
13、) and/or dessert, sometimes with a salad offered before the cheese or dessert. Hors duvres include terrine de saumon au basilic, lobster bisque, foie gras, French onion soup or a croque monsieur. The plat principal could include a pot au feu or steak frites. The dessert could be mille-feuille pastry
14、, a macaron, an clair, crme brle, mousse au chocolat, crpes, or Caf ligeois. French cuisine is also regarded as a key element of the quality of life and the attractiveness of France. A French publication, the Michelin guide, awards Michelin stars for excellence to a select few establishments. The ac
15、quisition or loss of a star can have dramatic effects on the success of a restaurant. By 2006, the Michelin Guide had awarded 620 stars to French restaurants, at that time more than any other country, although the guide also inspects more restaurants in France than in any other country (by 2010, Jap
16、an was awarded as many Michelin stars as France, despite having half the number of Michelin inspectors working there),The festival,DATE NAME France Explanation 1.1. New years Day Jour de lAn - Easter Pques Sunday, the exact date is not fixed - Easter Day Lundi de Pques Monday, the exact date is not
17、fixed 5.1. Labor Day Fte du Travail 5.8. Second World War Victory Day Victoire 1945 - Ascension Day Ascension Thursday, the exact date is not fixed 10.3. Pentecost Pentecte Sunday, the exact date is not fixed 7.14. National Day Fte Nationale National Day 8.15. Assomption Assomption 11.1. All sanits Day Toussaint 11.11. World War I Armistice Day Armistice 1918 “1918 Ceasefire Day“ 12.25. Christmas Nol,merci!,
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