附录语法过关落实一名词.ppt
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1、附录 语法过关落实 (一)名 词,一、名词的同义词辨析 1常作为考点的名词同义词 approach;method;way;means area;region;field;district argument;quarrel;debate award;reward;prize background;environment;surrounding behaviour;action;act benefit;profit case;example;instance;sample cause;reason;excuse,climate;weather condition;situation contest
2、;competition;match;race consequence;result custom;habit;practice diet;food direction;instruction energy;strength;force;power;ability event;affair;business fault;mistake;error glimpse;glance;look;sight labour;work;job;task message;news;information;word opinion;idea;thought;mind pattern;design;style;m
3、odel,percent;percentage practice;training;exercise purpose;aim;goal;target scene;scenery;sight;view shade;shadow skill;ability spirit;courage symbol;sign;mark term;condition;case touch;contact;connection value;price;cost variety;species view;sight;vision voyage;trip;journey wage;salary;pay;income,2名
4、词同义词辨析题解题技巧 从三个方面考虑:词义;搭配(与介词或动词搭配);惯用法 【例1】 Finding out about these universities has become easy for anyone with Internet _. Aentrance Badmission Caccess Dentry 解题关键 解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的词义。entrance“入 口,门口,进入”;admission“允许进入,承认”;entry“进入,入 口”。上述三个词一般指进入建筑物、社团、学校等地的权利。如: They were refused entrance to th
5、e exhibition.“他们被拒于展览会门 外。”Entry to the museum is free.“这家博物馆免费进入参观。”She failed to gain admission to the university of her choice.“她没有被自己选 择的大学录取。”access“通道”,也可指接近或使用某东西的“权 利,机会”。如:Students must have access to good resources.“学生必 须有机会使用好的信息资源。”根据题意“对于可以使用互联网的人 来说,要查找这些大学已经变得非常容易。”可知答案为C。,【例2】 Except
6、 on formal _ such as official reception, American society has a certain amount of informality. Aconditions Bcases Coccasions Dsituations 解题关键 解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的搭配。四个单词都可 作“情况”解。condition常与介词in或under搭配使用,多用复数形式: in/under.conditions“在情况下,在条件下,在环境下”, 但condition也可与介词on搭配,只能用单数形式:on condition that“只 要,条件是
7、”。case与介词in搭配:in that/this case“在那(这)种情况下, 如果那(这)样的话”,in such cases“在这种情况下”,in case of“如 果,万一”。occasion与介词on搭配:on that/this occasion“在那(这)种场 合”,on special occasions“在特殊场合”。situation与介词in搭配:in a difficult situation“处境困难”,in unexpected situations“在意外情况下”。 据此可知本题答案为C,题意是“除了在官方接待这样的正式场合,美国 社会是较为随便的。”,【例
8、3】 “I dont think its my _ that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, thats all,” said the boy. Aerror Bmistake Cfault Dduty 解题关键 解此题的关键是要弄清楚名词的惯用法。error, mistake和 fault都可译为“错误”,但it is ones fault是惯用法。如:Its not my fault./Whose fault is it that were late?根据题意“我认为电视机 爆炸不是我的错,我只是打开了电视,仅此而已。”可知答案为C。 二、名词与动
9、词的搭配 play jokes/tricks on开的玩笑;捉弄 take advantage of利用 put.into practice;turn.into reality实行;实施 take trouble to do sth.不辞劳苦地做某事 have difficulty in doing sth.做某事有困难,make an effort to do sth.努力去做某事 take pains to do sth.尽力去做某事 spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力做某事 take no notice of;pay no attention to不注意;忽视
10、keep/get in touch/contact with;have connection with与保持/取得/有联系 keep/bear.in mind;learn.by heart记住;熟记 put ones heart into.;put ones mind to.全身心地去做 take.into account/consideration将考虑在内 take action;take measures采取措施 take/follow ones advice接受某人的建议 make an attempt to do sth.试图做某事 puzzle ones brain over st
11、h.绞尽脑汁做某事 take charge of对负责;掌管,keep sb. company陪伴某人 make a difference起作用;与众不同 make no difference没有关系或影响;无关紧要 have a narrow escape九死一生 come into existence存在;成立 find fault with sb.对某人吹毛求疵;找某人的岔子 do sb. a favour帮助某人;帮某人的忙 lend/give sb. a hand帮助某人 have/form/develop the habit of doing sth.有/养成习惯 make/lea
12、ve an impression on sb.给某人留下印象 have an influence/impact/effect on/upon.对有影响 give/offer sb. a lift让某人搭便车;载某人一程 take a message for sb.给某人捎个口信 leave sb. a message给某人留个口信,bring/call.to mind使某人想起 satisfy/meet/cover ones needs/demands/requirements 满足某人的需求/要求/条件 come to power执政;当权 take pride in以为豪;为感到骄傲 ta
13、ke possession of拥有 keep a record of记录;记载 take responsibility for对负责 take a risk冒险 make room for为腾出地方 make sense有道理;是明智的;有意义,三、名词作定语 1名词作定语,通常表示中心词的用途、材料或特性。如:a coffee cup;telephone number;paper flowers;weather forecast; seat belt;income tax;identity card;stone bridge;heart trouble 2名词作定语时,通常用单数形式,但个
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- 附录 语法 过关 落实 名词
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