存在主义与文学.ppt
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1、存在主義 與 文學,董 崇 選 中山醫大應用外語系教授 懂更懂學習英文網站負責人 網址:http:/dgdel.nchu.edu.tw,一、哲學與文學:,Philosophy is the rational investigation of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct. Logic, ethics, aesthetics, epistemology, metaphysics (ontology, cosmology), etc. Literature is writing regarded as havin
2、g permanent worth through its intrinsic excellence. Poetry, drama, fiction, prose. 哲學是抽象推理論說的文學,文學是具体展示例証的哲學。,二、存在主義的哲學:,A. Basic Ideas: Existence precedes essence. 存在 先於 本質。 Existence is absurd. 存在是荒謬的。 Surd (無理根): 無定值、無精確答案 Essence is the result of free choice. 本質 為 自由抉擇之結果。,Kierkegaard,B. Main Ex
3、istentialists:,Kierkegaard (齊克果): A world without preexisting truths, values, or general laws. 原本無真理、價值、通則定律 Truth as inner commitment (truth = faith). Subjectivity is truth, and truth is subjectivity. Choice between esthetic and ethical ways of life. (Either/Or) 美或善 God as the mythic, eternal reali
4、ty for faith. “leap to faith” or “leap of faith” knight of faith,Heidegger,2. Heidegger & Jaspers:,Heidegger (海德格): Dasein: “being there,” “existence,” “being in the world” “thrown into the world” being as finite and transient in time 丟在、有限、短暫 (Being and Time) Angst: “being for death,” nothingness,
5、焦慮 active participation,Jaspers,2. Heidegger & Jaspers:,Jaspers (雅斯柏斯): World-theories as human responses 世界觀 (Psychology of World Views) The three methods: scientific, existentialist, metaphysical 科學、人生、玄界 (Philosophy) Seeking truth in nature, in human communication, or in “the one being” (“The Abs
6、olute,” “God”),Sartre,三、 存在主義的文學:,1. Sartre (沙特): Being and Nothingness (論文): For man existence precedes essence. Being is objective, and existence has a subjective quality. Being-in-itself vs. Being-for-itself The Flies (劇本): Orestes kills Aegistheus to teach his people to be free and responsible,
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