高三英语二阶段复习的目标内容和教学方法研究.ppt
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1、高三英语第二阶段复习的 目标、内容和教学方法研究,南开大学附中 张少华,第一部分 第二阶段复习的指导思想、内容和目标,一.第二阶段复习的内容和目标 1. 内容: 1)巩固并扩大第一阶段词汇复习的成果,继续扩充词汇量,落实相关词汇知识。 2)巩固第一阶段语法复习的成果,并不断提高在语篇中的应用能力。 3)题型训练:完形填空 阅读理解 书面表达,2. 目标: 1)词汇目标 对一般同学的要求: 常用词在语篇中能熟练地做出反应 新课标中的其他词,在语篇中结合上下文,能准确地理解。 常见的构词法知识以及其他词汇知识在语篇中能熟练地运用。 对英语成绩优秀的同学的要求: 除熟练掌握新课标中的全部单词外,要求
2、见一个,记一个。 2)把已经复习过的语法知识转化成在语篇中灵活运用的能力。,3)培养学生的题型能力 使学生了解各大题型的命题意图、要求及特点。 形成适合学生个人特点的解题能力和技巧。 提高做题的速度和熟练程度。,二. 第二阶段复习的指导思想 高考命题的基本思路是在语篇中考查学生运用英语的能力。影响学生在语篇中运用英语能力的因素主要有: 词汇 1.语言因素 语法 2.逻辑思维能力,根据近几年高考命题的趋势,逻辑思维能力的考查力度似乎有减少的迹象。 在教学实践中,影响大部分学生完形填空和阅读理解得分率的主要问题是“看不懂”或“看不准”这仍然是语言因素造成的。,三. 高考试题中词汇问题所涉及的具体内
3、容 1.词汇量的积累; 2.“一词多义”的问题; 3.构词法的问题; 4.介词的问题。,1.词汇量的积累: 新课标在词汇量方面带来的影响: (1)量的增加给学生记忆带来的困难。 (2)词汇量的增加使得命题的约束减少,尤其是完形填空和阅读理解篇目的选择,更是在很大程度上解除了枷锁。,关于词汇问题: 1.充分认识词汇积累在学生题型能力形成过程中的关键作用,下大工夫、调动一切教学手段,抓好词汇的积累。 2.在语言的运用中巩固词汇复习的成果。 3. 无论什么复习内容,每节课都要有明确否认词汇复习目标。,教学实例:(2010年天津卷 完形填空) Robert Moody, 52, is an exper
4、ienced police officer. Much of his work involves dealing with 16 an gang (团伙)problems in the schools of his community. Knowing that many kids often 17 trouble, he decided to do something about it. So in 1991 he began to invite small groups of kids to go fishing with him on his day 18 . Those fun tri
5、ps had a(n) 19 impact. A chance encounter in 2000 proved that. One day, 20 working security at a school basketball game, Moody noticed two young guys 21 .He sensed trouble between them. 22 one of them headed toward Moody and gave him a hug. “I 23 you. You took me 24 when I was in fifth grade. That w
6、as one of the 25 days of my life .” Deeply touched by the boys word, Moody decided to create a foundation(基金会)that 26 teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. “As a policeman, I saw 27 there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging 28 on the kids,” says Moody.,B
7、y turning kids on to fishing, he 29 to present an alternative way of life, “When youre sitting there waiting for a 30 ,”he says, “you cant help but talk to each other, and such 31 can be pretty deep.” “Talking about drugs helped prepare me for the peer(同龄人)pressures in high school,” says Michelle, 1
8、7 who 32 the first program. “And I was able to help my little brother 33 drugs.” Moody faces 34 in three years, when he hopes to run the foundation full-time. “Im living a happy life and I have a responsibility to my 35 to give back,” Moody says.” If I teach a kid to fish today, he can teach his bro
9、ther to fish tomorrow.”,16. A. drinking Bdrug Csecurity Dsmoking 17. A. ran into Bgot over Cleft behind Dlooked into 18. Aahead Baway Coff Dout 19. Aimmediate Bdamaging Climited Dlasting 20. Aonce Bwhile Csince Duntil 21. Aquarreling Bcomplaining Ctalking Dcheering 22. ASlowly BSuddenly CFinally DSe
10、cretly 23. Aunderstand Bhear C. see Dremember 24. Afishing Bsailing Cboating D. swimming 25. Aquietest Blongest Cbest Dbusiest 26. Aconnects Bintroduces Creduces Dcommits 27. Awhere Bunless Cas Dwhether 28. Aimpression Bburden Cdecision Dimpact 29. Aasked Bintended Cpretended Dagreed 30. Asolution B
11、change Cbite Dsurprise 31. Aconcerns Binterests Cconversations Demotions 32. A. participated in B. worked out C. approved of D. made up 33. A. misuse B. avoid C. tolerate D. test 34. A. unemployment B. challenge C. competition D. retirement 35. A. team B. school C. family D. community,教学实例(2009年天津卷阅
12、读理解 D篇): Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when youre doing your holiday shopping online, make sure youre holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making u
13、nwise decisionsthose are the practical lessons being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh. Psychologists have known that one persons perception(感知) of anothers “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary co
14、nsideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry H
15、arlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlows work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young child
16、ren grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.,Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perception
17、s influence judgment in dozens of countries. To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the studys hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a c
18、old drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those w
19、ho had held the iced drink. “We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh. (2009年天津卷阅读理解 D篇),2.高考试题中的“一词多义”的问题: vt. 腾出、让出;节约、剩下 spare 多余的(spare room) adj. 业余的(spare time) 备用的(spare parts,There was no point asking his parents, for he knew they had no money to
20、 spare. (2009年北京卷,完形填空) point: 用处 spare 动词; “节约、剩下: So she made it easy, placing cups in rooms where students could leave their spare coins spare 形容词, “多余的”,T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion(视觉影像)of a hanging ball.(2004年高考试题北京卷,D篇) project 动词,“发射,放映”。(用作动词重音在后面) 同样的情况在200
21、4年的重庆卷中又出现了: Eight 13,500-watt projectors light the grand column of the fountain in the evening(2004年高考试题重庆卷,A篇) projector 名词, “发射器,放映机”。,更多的“一词多义”的例子: 1) I remember how happy I was when I saw the tray stand near the table. stand: 架子、摊位 (2008 海南、宁夏、全国卷 完形填空) 2) In secret, she practiced Portias part,
22、 memorizing the lines by repeating them over and over. part: 角色 line: 台词,3)Tempers of both the tourists and the waiters had risen to meet the situation, making it a rather quarrelsome environment. meet: 满足、对付 (2006海南、宁夏、全国II 完形填空) 4) I left Fredas house that day, wondering about the nature of my rel
23、ationship with my clients. nature: 本质、本性 (2006辽宁卷 完形填空),5)Several days later I received another postcard, this one delivering about Mabels cousin. deliver: 陈述、发表 (2006年全国卷II, 完形填空) 6) But Wilkins and Franklins relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick. rocky: 动摇
24、的 (2009 浙江卷, 阅读理解B),7)Most governments and many organizations will not process written complaints if they do not bear the writers signature. The absence of a signature tells us that the writer cannot be too serious and therefore does not deserve a reply. (2009年江西卷,阅读理解D篇) process: 对起诉(处理) complaint:
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