第八讲旅游翻译.ppt
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1、旅游英语翻译,I.Functional translation theory and travelling English translation,一、旅游英语翻译的核心是“文化转换”与“交际互动” 旅游英语翻译中历史文化词汇的翻译在很大程度上体现了功能翻译理论的核心思想。 由于中外历史文化不同,很多中国特有的历史名称对外国人来说很难理解。 而翻译的目的是为了跨文化交际的顺利进行,任何影响跨文化交际的因素都需要在翻译中化解。,二、根据旅游资料的核心要求重构译文内容和形式 旅游资料这类“诱导型”文本的翻译以有效传递信息、唤起读者感应和行动为核心要求。 功能翻译学派认为,译者可以根据翻译要求对原文
2、内容和形式做相应灵活的处理,决定原文文本信息的选择以及译文的表现形式。 赖斯就曾明确指出,对于辞藻华丽重诱导的文本,翻译时常常要对原文做彻底的改变,三、根据旅游资料的文体功能采用适当的翻译策略,从文体功能特征来看, 信息性(informative)、 诱导性(inductive)和 匿名性(anonymous) 是旅游景点介绍这类文本的主要特点。,为了使译文读者获取与原文读者相同的反应,旅游资料翻译译者偏离原文内容和形式的现象不可避免地会比其他类翻译多一些,有时甚至需要重构译文文本。,1. 释义增补法 由于地域不同、历史不同、文化背景不同,两个民族对同一事物的理解也存在着很大差异。有些内容在原
3、语国家可能尽人皆知,但外国人却一无所知。在这种情况下,对原文中一些带有原语文化色彩和历史背景的重要信息,就可以添加解释性翻译,将这部分知识补充出来,避免译语读者的误解甚至不解,做到内外有别。 林子的边上原来有一个洞,传说白娘子曾经在这里修炼 Near the forest there once was a cave which was said to be the very place where Lady White cultivated herself。 Near the forest there once was a cave which was said to be the very
4、place where Lady White, the legendary heroine of The Story of the White Snake, cultivated herself according to Buddhist doctrine.,II. Skills of Tourism Translation,II. Skills of Tourism Translation,西安古称长安. Xi an was called Changan, oreverlasting peace in ancient times。 端午节那天,人们都要吃粽子。 During the Drag
5、on Boat Festival (which falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month), it is a common practice to eat Zongzi, which is a rice pudding wrapped up with weed leaves. 大乘寺坐北朝南,院墙按八卦建造。 The Great Vehicle Temple faces south with its walls shaped after the Eight Diagrams (combinations of three whole or b
6、roken lines formerly used in divination).,清朝乾隆年间,扬州早已是一个兴旺发达的城市了 During the reign of Emperor Qianlong (17361795) of the Qing Dynasty (16441911) , Yangzhou was already a prosperous city. 三官殿里有一株茶花树,在寒冬腊月开出一树鲜花,璀璨如锦,因此又名“耐冬”。 There is a camellia tree in the Sanguan Palace blooming fully in midwinter,
7、so it is called Naidong, meaning it can stand bitterly cold winters.,傣族的“泼水节” Water- Sprinkling Festival an important festival for the Dai nationality to wish everyone happiness by splashing water to each other ; “端午节” Dragon Boat Festival a festival to memorize Quyuaa famous poet and statesman of C
8、hu Kingdom in the Warring States Period, who finally killed himself by plunging into the Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in the year BC 295 ) 。,II. Skills of Tourism Translation,3. 转译法 在旅游翻译中,有些名词、术语是该国家或该地区特有的,如果直接按字面翻译,游客根本听不懂, 这时就不得不改变说法。 例如,在成都武侯祠的介绍中有这样的句子: 刘备章武三年病死于白帝城永安宫
9、,五月运回成都,八月葬于惠陵。 Liu Bei died of illness in 223 at present-day Fengjie county of Sichuan Province and was buried here in the same year. 这句话想让普通的外国游客弄明白并非易事,其中的“章武三年”和“白帝城”就是两个难点。如果不是对中国历史有相当的了解,这里的时间和地点都毫无意义,不妨考虑改变说法,换用公元纪年和今天的地名,同时略去较为次要的“五月运回成都”。,故宫耗时14年,整个工程于1420年结束。 1) The construction of the For
10、bidden City took 14 years, and was finished in 1420, 70 years before Christopher Columbus discovered the New World. 2) The construction of the Forbidden City took 14 years, and was finished in 1420, 14 years before Shakespeare was born.,II. Skills of Tourism Translation,4. 删减重组法 中国人在描写完一个景色之后,常会引用一段
11、名人的话或者中国古诗作验证,这样会让读者或听者加深印象,并从中得到艺术享受。 可是这类补充性信息对外国人和译员来说,却往往是不大不小的负担。甚至有时候这些描述不但对原文理解没有帮助,还会让游客更觉糊涂。 在旅游翻译时,如果没有特别目的和要求,这样的文字常可删去。,II. Skills of Tourism Translation,1)在我国最早的典籍中,即有关这条河的记载。尚书禹贡:“漆沮既从,沣 水攸同”,诗经大雅:“沣水东注,维禹之绩”,说明沣水在远古就是一 条著名的河流。 Records about this river can be found even in the earliest
12、 Chinese classics, which proves that the Feng River has been well known since ancient times. 2) 华清池内有一贵妃池,相传是杨贵妃当年沐浴的地方。唐代诗人白居易 的“长恨歌”中有“春寒赐浴华清池,温泉水滑洗凝脂”的诗句。 Inside the Huachingchih Spring, there is a bathing pool called Kueifeichih which is said to have been the bathing place of Yang kueifei. The f
13、amous poet Po chu-I of the Tang Dynasty wrote “The Ballad of Endless Woe ” which contains the following verses : “I was in the chilly springtime They bathed in Huaching lake And in the tepid(微温的) waters The crusted winter slack.”,汉语在介绍美景时倾向于使用华丽的词藻和各种各样的修辞格,甚至几个连用的词表示的都是类似的意思。在英语口语中,这种华丽并不实用,意义相似甚至雷
14、同给人的感觉也不一定美,所以翻译的时候可做适当的删减,只要把美好的感觉传达给客人就可以了。 (上海桂花节 ): 满树金花、芳香四溢的金桂;华白如雪、香气扑鼻 的银桂;红里透黄、花多味浓的紫砂桂;花色似银、季季有花的司机规;竞相开放,争妍媲美。进入桂林公园,阵阵桂香扑鼻而来。 The Park of Sweet Osmanthus is noted for its profusion of osmanthus trees. Flowers from these threes in different colours are in full bloom which pervade the whol
15、e garden with the fragrance of their blossoms.,III. Practice in tourism translation,天坛: the Alter to the Gods of the Soil and Grain 金銮殿: 圆明园: 太和殿: 拙政园: 稻香村:,Throne Hall,Old Summer Palace,The Throne Hall of Supreme Harmony,Humble Administrators Garden6),Paddy Sweet Cottage,III. Practice in tourism tr
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