高中定语从句我喜欢.ppt
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1、,定语从句,一. 定语从句的基本定义,放在名词或代词后面,由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。,一. 定语从句的基本定义,eg. The boy who is reading is Tom.,先行词,关系代词,Hospital is a place where a doctor works.,先行词,关系副词,先行词和关系词的关系,1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom. 3.The boy whose parents
2、 are dead was brought up by his grandfather. 4.The school where I study is far from my home.,the machine = that,the boy =who,the boys =whose,in the school = where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is can
3、fly.,关系代词的实质,the machine,a machine,that /which,The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday.,her,The lady,we saw yesterday is Green,Who/that,关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词,二. 关系词的分类,关系代词,2. 关系副词,关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,常用的关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose,关系副词在定语从句中作状语,常用的关系副词有:when, where, why,二. 关系词的分类,三. 关系代词的基本用法和
4、注意点,1. 关系代词的基本用法,三. 1. 关系代词的基本用法, who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。,The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.,A person who steals things is called a thief.,whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略。,The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.,who, whom, which 指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。,These are the trees which were planted last
5、year.,This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan.,which,He is the man (that) I told you about.,that 指人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。,A plane is a machine that can fly.,that,whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。,We live in a house whose windows face south.,This is the little girl whose parents were killed i
6、n the great earthquake.,whose,2. 关系代词的用法注意点,(1) that和which都可以指物,但以下5种情况只能用that 不能用which。,当先行词中有人又有物时。如:,Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?,2. 关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况,当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如: This is al
7、l that I want from the school.,当先行词被最高级修饰时。如: The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.,当先行词被序数词修饰时。如: The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.,当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修饰时。如: This is the very book that I am looking for these days.,(2) that和who都
8、可以指人,但下面两种情况,多用who。,(2)用who不用that的情况,先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如: All who heard the news were excited.,先行词为those, he和people时。如: Those who want to go please sign your names here. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.,(3) whose引导的定语从句注意点,whose引导定语从句,其后应紧跟名词,构成名词短语。 whose与它所修饰的名词一起
9、可以作介词的宾语。如: The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。,(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点,whose的先行词指物时,可用of which代替,但语序不同,即whose+名词 = the+名词+of which,或= of which + the + 名词。如: The novel whose title (= the title of which或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting., w
10、hose引导的定语从句,其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。,whose的先行词指人时,可用of whom代替,但语序不同,即whose+名词 = the+名词+of whom,或= of whom + the + 名词。如: The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.,(4) 关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如: Those who are against the plan put up your hands. Tom is
11、one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday. Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.,(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致,The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world. that ,(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.,The dress which she is
12、wearing is new. that ,(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.,巩固练习:1. 用定语从句合并句子,巩固练习1:用定语从句合并句子,(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.,(4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.,He is the kind person who I have ever worked with. whom that ,Th
13、is is the best film that I have ever seen. ,(which/ that),who/ that,whose,which/ that,who, that, whom, which, whose,I have a friend _ likes listening to the classical music. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a good football player. Kate
14、 is reading a book _ is too difficult for her.,1.The girl _is standing next to our teacher is her daughter. 2. The girl _our teacher is talking with is a famous singer. 3. The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak English very well. 4. I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library. 5. I cant find
15、 the book _you lent to me.,who/that,(who/whom/that),whose,which/that,(that/which),巩固练习: 用适当的关系词填空,巩固练习2:用适当的关系词填空,The family _ Im staying with lives in town. I know the student _ article was published. Betty, _ has never been abroad, is studying English very well. My parents live in a house _ is mor
16、e than 100 years old. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother. Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.,(which/ that),whose,who,?that,which/ that,whom,whom,?省略,根据从句中的动词搭配,This is the book _ which you asked. 注意:动词短语不能拆,即介词不提前 我照顾的那个老人好多了。 The old man after whom I am looking
17、is better. The old man whom I am looking after is better.,介词+whom/which如何判断介词,for,根据从句中的形容词搭配,He told me some reference books _ which I am not very familiar. This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teachers desk.,如何判断介词,with,根据先行词与介词搭配,介词 + 关系代词 = 关系副词,My grandpa was born in 1939 _ t
18、he World War broke out. Kun Ming is a beautiful place _ flowers are seen all the year round.,如何判断介词,in which,when,in which,where,The song, _ we are interested will be broadcast tonight. He is the hero _ we are proud. This is the college _ well visit a famous actor. The earth _ we live is a big round
19、 ball.,in which,of whom,in which,on which,Exercise,Do you like the book _ she spent $10? Do you like the book _ she paid $10? Do you like the teacher _ she learned a lot? Do you like the teacher _ we are talking has gone abroad? He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned
20、for at least a year.,on which,for which,from whom,about whom,of which,介词+关系代词的使用,先行词是the way,意为“方式,方法”时,引导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略。,I didnt like the way _ she talked to me. The way _he teaches English is interesting.,(that/in which),(that/in which),5. 先行词为the way,关系词的使用,关系代词as引导,1. 先行词与such, the s
21、ame连用或先行词本身就是the same, such时,要用as。 Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. Would you like to buy the same pen as I have? 2. 代替整个句子,在从句中作主语,而从句位于句首时,要用as。 As is well known, the earth goes around the sun.,The earth is round, _ we all know. _ is known to all, the earth is round. _ is known to al
22、l that the earth is round.,as,As,It,定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 具有正如之意,动词一般较固定,as的使用,/which,Being a volunteer is such a privilege _ we all want to have. Being a volunteer is such a privilege _ we all want to have it.,as,that,as的使用,五. 关系副词when, where和why的用法,五. 关系副词的基本用法,用关系副词when时,先行词指时间,when在定语从句中作时间状语,when可换成
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