高中定语从句详细解释.ppt
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1、定语从句 the relative clause,定语,1. 放在名词前,2. 由单个的代词/数词/形容词/名词/-ing/ -ed 来充当,1. 放在名词或代词后,2. 由介词结构形容词-ing结构-ed结构to do结构句子来充当,前置定语,后置定语,定语,1. 用来修饰某个名词或代词的成分,2. 可以放在名词之前;也可以放在名词或代词之后,3. 在翻译时通常带有一个“的”,定语从句,定语从句,1. 当定语成分由一个句子来充当时,这个句子就叫定语从句,即用一个句子去修饰另一个句子中的某个名词或代词,2. 通常紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词后,This is a book which was wr
2、itten by J.K. Rowling,3. 定语从句的必备两要素,This is a book which was written by J.K. Rowling,先行词(名词或代词),关系词词/引导词(that/which/who/whom/whose/ when/where/why),先行词:定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词:引导定语从句的词。,You are the right man whom we are looking for. Ive spent all the money which was given by my parents. I will never forge
3、t the day when I joined the party. This is the factory where the machines are made.,找出定语从句;找出定语从句两要素,现在你认识定语从句了吗?,从书本40页课文中找出所有的定语从句,1. Chen Zijiang is a paper-cutting expert whom I interviewed for my article on Chinese Art. 2.Paper-cutting is something that he learned to do from an early age. 3.Pap
4、er cuts of animals have been found in tombs which dale back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty (386-589). 4.a young farmer who wanted a wife would look at a young womans paper-cutting skills before marrying her.,5.there are three types of paper cuts which people still make today. 6.A p
5、resent for parents whose child has recently been born might show a paper cut of children. 7.Paper cuts which show the Chinese character for double happiness are commonly used to celebrate weddings. 8. People to whom the dead person was related would make these offerings on special days and during fe
6、stivals. .,But one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.,It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away.,The number of people who were killed of injured reached more than 400 000.,another big quake which was almost as
7、 strong as the first one shook Tangshan.,The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.,Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.,定语从句中的关系词,关系词: 1.关系代词,在定语从句中作 主语,宾语,表语 。 2.关系副词,在宾语从句中作状语。,人,主宾,人,宾,人事物,主宾表,事物,主宾,人的事物的,时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,时间,地点,
8、原因,定(后通常加名词或代词),关系词选择方法: 还原法,把先行词还原到定语从句中去, 看看是放在主语,宾语,表语还是状语的位置上,最终来确定引导词,例一: The students _ dont study hard will not pass the exam.,_ dont study hard.,The students,主语,而且指人,who/that,例二: The woman _ you saw in the park is our Chinese teacher.,you saw _ in the park.,the woman,宾语,而且指人,(whom/who/that),
9、注意:如果先行词还原到定语从句中,充当的是宾语,那么可以把引导词省略,Practice,3. Do you know the boy _ leg was broken when he fell out of a tree? 4. This is the boy _ sister is a famous singer. 5. The letter _ I received yesterday is from my brother. 6. The film _ we saw last night was wonderful. 7. The man _ was here a minute ago i
10、s my uncle.,whose,whose,(which/that),(which/that),who / that,8. The train _ was going to Guangdong was late. 9. The book _ he is reading is very interesting. 10. Theyll never forget the days _ they spent in the countryside. 11. Theyll never forget the days _ they studied together.,which / that,(whic
11、h / that),(which / that),when,关系代词的特殊情况,I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.,Ive read all the books that are not mine.,This is the first book (that) he has read.,This is the very book that belongs to him.,(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。,(2)先行
12、词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰时,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。,(一)只能用that不能用which的情况,(5)先行词指人又指事物,They talked about the people and things (that) they met at college.,(二)只能用which不能用that的情况,(1) 非限定性定语从句,即有逗号隔开的定语从句,It was felt in Beijing, which was
13、200 km away.,(2) 以介词开头的定语从句,即介词前置的定语从句,This is the room _Chairman Mao once lived in. This is the room in _ Chairman Mao once lived.,(which /that),which,(3) 代表前面整句话,He passed the exam, which surprised everyone in our class.,(三)定语从句中只用who,不用that的情况 1.先行词是one, ones或anyone时;先行词为those 或被those修饰,指人时 1).On
14、e who does not work hard will never succeed. 2).Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 3).She is the only one of the students who has been to the USA. 4).Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed. 2.在以there be的句子中,先行词为人时 There is a man outside who wants to see
15、 you.,3.当定语从句中又有定语从句,且先行项都为人时 The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard. 4.当指人的先行项被一些指物的名词修饰时 There s only one student in the school who I want to see. Do you know the woman in blue with a baby on her back who is working in the fields? 5.在非限制性定语从句中指人 I met a friend of mine i
16、n the street, who had just come from America. 6.定语从句中有插入语时, 且先行项为人时 Jackson is a man who I believe is honest,(四)学习关系代词whose引导的定语从句,关系代词whose表示“的”,是关系代词who、which的所有格,因此既可指人,也可指物。在从句中,whose作定语修饰名词,被修饰词可以是从句的主语、宾语或介词宾语。 He is the boy whose pen I borrowed yesterday. They cleaned the house whose windows
17、face south. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked, looked down upon women.,whose+名词引导定语从句等于the+名词+of which/whom或者of which/whom+the+名词引导定语从句 He is the boy whose pen I borrowed yesterday. 改成:He is the boy the pen of whom I borrowed yesterday. He is the boy of whom the pen I borrowed yesterday. T
18、hey cleaned the house whose windows face south. 改成: They cleaned the house the windows of which face south. They cleaned the house of which the windows face south.,when, where, why 引导的定语从句,初步感知,1. The mines where I worked were 9 km from my home.,2. The reason why I got a job was because of my hard w
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