数据库课件.ppt
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1、Database Systems Principles,College of Computer Science Zhejiang University Spring 2011,Instructor: 陈根才 Class Time: Tue 15:55-17:30, Thu 8:00-9:35 Practice Hours: Thu 9:50-11:25 Office Add: 曹光标楼(主楼-306,616B) Office Hours: Mon 2:00-4:00pm Tel: 87953052, 13606500423 Email: ,TA: 王礼文 Practice Assistance
2、: Thu 9:50-11:25 (computer centre) AQ: Thu 9:50:55-12:00 Email: Tel: 15258851254,Textbook: Database Systems Concepts 5th edition By Abraham Silberschatz, Henry F. Korth and S. Sudarshan Reference books: Database Management Systems - 3rd edition by Ramakrishnan and Gehrke Database Systems: The Compl
3、ete Book - by Garcia-Molina, Ullman and Widom 数据库系统概论(第四版),萨师选 王珊,高等教育出版社,2006 数据库课程设计,陈根才 孙建伶 林怀中 周波,浙江大学出版社,2007 (实验参考书),Grading Policy: 平时(作业、课堂测验、原理实验)20% Project : 20% (Due date: Apr 18 ) Final exam: 60% 【注1:Close book test, allow take one A4 page note.】 【注2:若期末试卷成绩低于40分,则该课成绩fail 】,实验:数据库系统原理实
4、验 地点:计算中心机房,专用服务器和用户 IP Addr:10.214.6.98 User:库 db20: user200 user209 库 db21: user210 user219 库 db29: user290 user299 (缺省密码同用户名) Projects: 图书管理系统实现 see appendix: 数据库系统原理实验-2011.doc SQL实验补充.doc 图书管理系统实验指导书-2011.doc 也可以(并鼓励)选择其他数据库管理项目,如在线书店管理系统、超市销售管理系统、学生成绩管理系统、人事管理系统、设备管理系统等进行设计和开发,基本要求与图书管理系统类似。,L
5、ectures Lecture slides in PPT format will be posted shortly before or after the lecture Many issues discussed in the lectures will be covered in the exams and assignments Try to attend lectures regularly! Assignments Paper-based + some programming Will be collected at the end of class on the due dat
6、e Homework handed in by the due time will be graded for full credit, then a 30% late charge will be applied. No late homework is accepted after on-time papers are returned, or the sample solution is made public, whichever occurs first.,课件下载和实验文档上载: FTP Server:10.214.36.16 User: dbms PWD: dbms port:
7、21,Chapter 1: Introduction,Purpose of Database Systems View of Data Data Models Database Language Database Administrator Database Users Transaction Management Storage Management Overall System Structure,Data processing and management are the most important fields of computer applications. Knowledge
8、of database concepts is essential for computer scientists Databases touch all aspects of our lives in information society,even when you dont see them Banking: all transactions Airlines: reservations, schedules Universities: registration, grades Sales: customers, products, purchases Manufacturing: pr
9、oduction, inventory, orders, supply chain E-Government, E-Business, ,1.0 Why should we learn Database?,- Of all courses you have taken, this may be the one that gets you a job.,1.1 What should we learn ? -Three Aspects to Study Database,1) Modeling and design of databases. Get(abstract) data models
10、from real world, then translate them into the forms suitable for the target DBMS (Database Management System)-tables, views. 2) Programming: use database- queries and update of data. SQL = “intergalactic data-speak.” 3) DBMS implementation-how does DBMS work, and how to design a DBMS -another course
11、: Database System Design,A Bad design,Another Design,Students,Courses,Enrolled,方法1:利用数据库管理系统提供的交互工具访问数据库 如:SQL Server的查询分析器,ORACLE的Sql*Plus,Work Sheet,方法2:利用开发工具设计界面、处理数据,调用ODBC访问数据库,如ASP,JSP,VC+,PHP,PowerBuilder,Delphi,1.2 What is a database -Definition,Database: A collection of interrelated data,
12、relevant to an enterprise. A large collection of integrated and persistent data (DB) R. Ramakrishnan, J. Gehrhe A collection of information that exists over a long period of time, often manay years. Ullman 长期存储在计算机内、有组织的、可共享的数据集合。萨师煊,王珊 Database Management System (DBMS ) : ( Database ) + A set of pr
13、ograms used to access, update and manage the data in database,Efficiency and scalability ( 可扩展性 ) in data access Reduced application development time; Data independence (physical data independence / logical data independence) ; Data integrity(完整性) and security ; Concurrent access and robustness (rec
14、overy) .,Major properties of DBMS,1.3 DBMSA Historical Perspective,File processing system (1950s-1960s) Network and hierarchical DBMS (1960s-1970s) -网状数据模型、层次数据模型- 网状数据库、层次数据库 (结构复杂、使用很困难) Relational database systems (RDBMS) Relational model (1970, E.F. Codd) Relational database system developed (la
15、te 1970s) Relational database systems on the market (1980s) Matured relational DBMS technology (1990s),DBMSA Historical Perspective,Object-oriented database system (OODBMS) Object-relational database systems (ORDBMS) Application-oriented database systems Spatial, temporal, multimedia, Web databases
16、Data warehousing and data mining systems (for data analysis) (数据仓库、数据挖掘系统),Database system versus File Processing Systems,File processing system supported by a conventional OS: New application programs must be written when needed, and new data files are created as required. But over a long period of
17、 time, data files may be in different formats. Data files are independent of each other. Drawbacks of using file systems to store data: 1、Data redundancy and inconsistency Multiple file formats, duplication of information in different files,Drawbacks of using file systems (cont.) 2、Difficulty in acc
18、essing data Need to write a new program to carry out each new task 3、Data isolation multiple files and multiple formats. (Difficult to retrieve, difficult to share) 4、Integrity problems Integrity constraints (e.g. account balance 0) become part of program code Hard to add new constraints or change e
19、xisting ones,Database system versus File Processing Systems (Cont.),Drawbacks of using file systems (cont.) 5、No atomicity of updates ( consistent ) Failures may leave database in an inconsistent state with partial updates carried out E.g. transfer of funds from one account to another should either
20、complete or not happen at all - atomicity 6、Difficult to concurrent access by multiple users Concurrent accessed needed for performance Uncontrolled concurrent accesses can lead to inconsistencies E.g. two people reading a balance and updating it at the same time 7、Security problems (Right person us
21、e right data) Database systems offer solutions to all the above problems!,The DBMS Marketplace,Relational DBMS companies : IBM DB2 - is by some accounts the largest DBMS vendor in the world. Oracle, Sybase are among the largest database software companies in the world. Microsoft SQL-Server, plus Mic
22、rosoft Access for the cheap DBMS on the desktop, answered by “lite” systems from other competitors. Relational companies also challenged by “object-oriented DB” companies. But countered with “object-relational” systems, which retain the relational core while allowing type extension as in OO systems.
23、 Other database products: Ingres, Paradox, Foxbase, FoxPro, dBase,The DBMS Marketplace(cont.),MySQL: is the most popular open source database for small system on web sites. MySQL is a key part of LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP / Perl / Python), a fast growing open source enterprise software stack.
24、http:/ PostgreSQL: is a highly scalable, open source object-relational database management system. http:/www.postgresql.org Originally developed by CS Dept of UC Berkeley called Postgres,Open source database:,1.4 Levels of Data Abstraction,Different usage needs different level of abstraction. 1) Phy
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