文学的写实主义与自然主义RealismandNaturalismin.ppt
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1、文學的 寫實主義 與 自然主義 Realism and Naturalism in Literature,董 崇 選 中山醫大應用外語系教授 懂更懂學習英文網站負責人 網址:http:/dgdel.nchu.edu.tw,I. 何謂 Realism?,Portrayal of life with fidelity (逼真描寫人生) or truthful representation of reality (忠實再現實体) Depiction (描寫) of subjects as they appear in everyday life, without embellishment (修飾)
2、 or interpretation (詮釋), and without personal bias (偏見). A mid-19th Century movement following Romanticism. Champfleurys “Le Ralisme”,II. 何謂 Naturalism?,原哲學術語指 materialism, Epicureanism (享樂主義), secularism (世俗主義), etc. 後指 belief that every existing thing is a part of nature and thus can be explained
3、by natural and material causes. An extreme form of Realism. Zolas Le Roman exprimental (The Experimental Novel ),III. 兩主義之同與異:,1. Method: inductive, observational, and hence objective (歸納、觀察、客觀) 觀察分析 a slice of life (人生的切片) 2. Implications: a. material determinism (物質決定論) b. all-inclusiveness of sub
4、ject matter (題材全包) 強調 heredity (遺傳) & environment (環境) 認為 Nothing is unclean: 什麼都可寫。,III. 兩主義之同與異:,3. Interest: contemporary (當代的), real life 要 the everyday, the normal, the observable, the pragmatic (實用的), etc. 不要 the historical, the remote (遙遠的), the imaginary, the fantastic, the idyllic (田園的), th
5、e idealistic, the unsullied (不污染的), etc. 4. Reaction: against classicism, Romanticism, “art for art sake” 5. Difference: More than Realism, Naturalism is preoccupied with “ugliness”: 喜歡寫 slums (貧民區), poverty, disease, dirt, sex, etc.,IV. 影響兩主義之背景:,The invention of photography in 1839 Comtes applicat
6、ion of scientific ideas to the study of society. Taines application of deterministic (決定的) theories to literature Darwins evolutionary (進化) theories English utilitarianism (功利主義): Bentham and Mill The realistic or naturalistic paintings of Courbet,Burial at Ornans by Courbet,V. 一些名言:,“A novel is a m
7、irror walking along the road.” -Stendhal “My book is an analytical labor on two living bodies like that of a surgeon on corpses.” -Zola, Preface to Thrse Raquin “To a chemist nothing on earth is unclean. A writer must be as objective as a chemist; he must abandon the subjective line; he must know th
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