文学翻译LiteraryTranslation广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院.ppt
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1、文学翻译 Literary Translation 广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院 张保红 2013.08.,1 文学翻译课程设置的必要性 2文学翻译课程教学思路 3文学翻译课程教法示例 4文学翻译课程的意义,1 文学翻译课程设置的必要性 我在大学教书,因此免不了要研读谈翻译的书。谈翻译的书,特别是谈文学翻译的书,一般有两大类:一类是纯粹探讨翻译理论的书,搞翻译的人大都不看,看也看不下去;一类是单纯探讨翻译技巧的书,这类书有些是不怎么做翻译的人“研究”出来的,不是隔靴搔痒,也多是纸上谈兵,所谓的实用指南并不能用到实践中去。 文学翻译工作者戒 (译事十戒;译事十法) 英语世界2012(3):4-6
2、, 文学翻译由来已久,而且现在的本科翻译专业基本上走的都是文学翻译的老路子,仍然重复文学翻译的课程设置, 中国翻译2012(1):26 用文学翻译的例子研究普适性的翻译问题,反 过来,用普适性的翻译认识来理解与指导文 学翻译。 愚忠 VS 审美忠实 审美忠实:不可叛逆的文学翻译之重 英语世界2012(2):4-6,2文学翻译课程教学思路 非文学翻译:意义 文学翻译:意义、声音、形式、情感、意境 (音、形、义、情、境) 文学语言的基本特性: 指义性与审美性 文学翻译的原则(原则标准/具体标准): 忠实、通顺、美,美在何处:理解与表达 理解: 美的感悟美的分析审美鉴赏 文体特征与主题意义(美的分析
3、) 文学式鉴赏 VS 翻译式鉴赏(审美鉴赏) 层次与方法 (文本层次论),文本层次/结构论(二分法、三分法、五分法、八分法) 文学话语层 文学形象层 文学意蕴层,表达: 美的传译 等值、等效 美的创造 得失(原因、价值) 目的与原则 结合体裁语言特点与翻译原则,3文学翻译课程教法示例 课前后阅读/熟读10篇/段相应体裁的文学作品及译文; (附录一 文学名著名译选读) 课程从翻译实践讲起,每种体裁选讲2-3篇/段,篇幅长短结合,学时数可均分于四种主要体裁; 每次授课穿插介绍部分文学翻译的相应知识,将这部分内容贯穿整学期,最后讲解什么是文学翻译; 翻译作业或选自教材,或选自相关的英语读物,或自己的
4、翻译实践;写出翻译的过程与结果分析。(选经典篇目) 教师讲评作业,学生分组按教材所示进行翻译过程演示;,演示 A Red, Red Rose R. Burns Sonnet 18 W. Shakespeare To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time R. Herrick Daffodils W. Wordsworth Song to Celia B. Johnson Spring T. Nash Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening R. Frost On the Grasshopper and the Cricket J.
5、 Keats The Tides Rises, the Tide Falls H. W. Longfellow When You Are Old W. B. Yeats,演示 The First Snow (Longfellow) The first snow came. How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead! Al
6、l white save the river, that marked its course by a winding black line across the landscape; and the leafless trees, that against the leaden sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches. What silence, too, came with the snow, and what seclusion! Every sound was
7、muffled, every noise changed to something soft and musical. No more tramping hoofs, no more rattling wheels! Only the chiming of sleigh-bells, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children.,审美鉴赏 1. 声音美 2. 节奏美 3. 意象美 4. 修辞美 5. 错综美 6. 感知美 7. 绘画美 8. 宁静美 9. 境界美,1. 声音美(long vowels)(53/118=45%)(雪
8、花片片、徐徐降落),Voiceless consonant(微风轻拂 雪花飘飞),长元音和流辅音(l/ r/ m/ n)多会使节奏放慢 (王佐良),2. 节奏美 长短句的运用 (- 代表一个词) -。-, - ,-, -, - ,-, -! -,-;-, -。-, - ,-, -!-, -。-,-!-, -。 - 短长长短短短长 - 长短相间、形式曲折变化、跌宕起伏、心物同构(整体舒缓,但波澜起伏-!) 节奏的功能 - 舒缓;平和;宁静;沉思,3. 意象美 the first snow - the first love - the first kiss - the first lady - t
9、he first aid - the first night (戏剧等初次上演的夜场) - First Cause (造物主、上帝), seclusion: (place / mood) the state of being private and away from other people - seclude oneself from society - a secluded life - a secluded spot 问君何能尔?心远地自偏。 (Secluded heart creates secluded place), the hearts of children - the he
10、arts of men / women / youth My heart leaps up when I behold William Wordsworth My heart leaps up when I behold A rainbow in the sky: So was it when my life began; So is it now I am a man; So be it when I shall grow old, Or let me die! The Child is father of the Man; I could wish my days to be Bound
11、each to each by natural piety.,4. 修辞美 parallel construction / antithesis - all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead! - Every sound was muffled, every noise changed to something soft and musical. No more tramping hoofs, no m
12、ore rattling wheels!, diction - all white save the river not “except” - across the landscape not “scenery” - winding black line not “twisting” - the chiming of sleigh-bells- not “ringing/ jingling”,5. 错综美 How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on th
13、e meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead! (错综:上下上下) (改写:从上至下) ( on the mountains, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead,on the meadows! ),All white save the river, that marked its course by a winding black line across the landscape; and the leafless trees, tha
14、t against the leaden sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches. 近大/ the river远小/ marked its course by a winding black line近大/ the landscape; 近低/ the leafless trees远高/ the leaden sky近低/ the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches.,6. 感知美 (时间过程、同时并发、
15、经验的传达) How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead! 经验与逻辑: (on the mountains, the meadows, the roofs of the living and the graves of the dead!), All white save the river, that marked i
16、ts course by a winding black line across the landscape; and the leafless trees, that against the leaden sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches. -逻辑表述(经验由近及远,由低到高。先河/树,后情形) - All is white . - All white save the river that marked its course (无直感) - the leafl
17、ess trees that against the leaden sky now revealed ,- 感知美(时间过程、同时并发) What silence, too, came with the snow, and what seclusion! Every sound was muffled, every noise changed to something soft and musical. No more tramping hoofs, no more rattling wheels! Only the chiming of sleigh-bells, beating as sw
18、ift and merrily as the hearts of children. (Punctuation) - So great was the crowd that afternoon that the judge had decided to move the court outdoors, to a platform built against the courthouse under the maple trees. ( The Scopes Trial),7. 绘画美 All white save the river, that marked its course by a w
19、inding black line across the landscape; and the leafless trees, that against the leaden sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches. (缀合;由近及远,由低到高),8. 宁静美 (以声衬静) Every sound was muffled, every noise changed to something soft and musical. No more tramping hoofs,
20、 no more rattling wheels! Only the chiming of sleigh-bells, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children.,SONG Percy Bysshe Shelley A widow bird sate mourning for her Love Upon a wintry bough; The frozen wind crept on above The freezing stream below. There was no leaf upon the forest bare,
21、 No flower upon the ground. And little motion in the air Except the mill-wheels sound.,汉文化语境: 以鸟声衬静 以钟声衬静 以犬吠衬静 蝉噪林逾静,鸟鸣山更幽。(王籍) 夜半钟声到客船。(张继) 狗吠深巷中,鸡鸣桑树巅。(陶渊明),9. 境界美 - 宁静中的静忆。 - 热爱自然、赞美自然、热爱生活。 - 积极乐观、奋发向上、境界崇高。 - 追求真、善、美的和谐。,译文1 第一场雪 亨利瓦兹沃斯朗费罗 第一场雪飘落,多么美啊!昼夜不停地下着,落在山岗,落在草场,落在世人的房顶,落在死人的墓地。遍地皆白,只有河
22、流像一条黑色的曲线穿过大地;叶子落光的大树映衬在铅灰色的天幕下,越发显得奇伟壮观,还有那错落有序的树枝。下雪是多么寂寥,多么幽静!所有的声音都变得沉浊了,所有的噪音都变得轻柔而富有乐感。没有得得的马蹄声,没有辚辚的车轮声,只能听到雪橇那欢快的铃声如童心在跳动。,翻译探讨: 1 基调确立 2 主题倾向 3 词语色彩 4 句子选择 5 语篇构建,1 基调的转存 原文:徐缓、宁静。 徐缓: 第一场雪/飘落,多么美/啊!/昼夜/不停地/下着,/ 落在/山岗,/ 落在/草场,/ 落在/世人的/房顶,/ 落在/死人的/墓地。,从句子的标示来看, 首句中的词语前长后短,参差不齐,未能形成平稳的节奏。 第二句
23、中句子间的词语长度彼此相当,以二字词语为主导,而且相互对称,整齐划一,加快了行文的节奏。 译文头两句:节奏颇为急促。,比较: 初雪/飘然/而至,真是/美极了!它/整日/整夜/静静地/飘着,落在/山岭上,落在/草地上,落在/生者的/屋顶上,落在/逝者的/坟茔上。,宁静: 所有的声音都变得沉浊了,所有的噪音都变得轻柔而富有乐感。没有得得的马蹄声,没有辚辚的车轮声,只能听到雪橇那欢快的铃声如童心在跳动。 原文最后3句:不仅仅只是主体的听觉感知,还传递出以声衬静的意境氛围。与前文不连贯。 译文偏于客观听觉的描述,缺少主体由“声响”而至“宁静”过程的感知。,所有的声音都变得沉浊了,所有的噪音都变得轻柔而
24、富有乐感。没有得得的马蹄声,没有辚辚的车轮声,只能听到雪橇那欢快的铃声如童心在跳动。 试比读: 一切声响都趋于沉寂,一切喧嚣都化作了轻柔的乐曲。得得的马蹄声听不到了,辚辚的车轮声也消逝了,惟有雪橇的铃声在空中回荡,那明快的节奏犹如童心在欢跳。,2 语境“同化”中的主题倾向 将 “the dead”、“muffled”、“every noise”等分别译为“死人”、“沉浊”、“噪音”等是未能将这些词语放在文本整体的语境(主题倾向/基调)中来考量。 倾向: 徐缓宁静,明净爽朗,宛如世外桃源,原文偏于褒义或积极含义的词句占绝对主导,决定全文积极的情调,在此基调下,原文中含贬义或消极意味词语的内涵因文
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