四级长对话听力.ppt
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1、四级长对话听力,Long Conversations,一、三大基本功 二、句型熟悉 三、长对话设题点解密 四、10大听前预测方法 五、真题演练,一、三大基本功,(一)听前预测 (二) 听时抓“点” (三)注意使用缩略语,一、三大基本功,(一)听前预测 1. 先纵后横 所谓“先纵”,就是首先通读每篇后的3-4个小题,找出关键词,前后联系,预测全篇大致主题。 所谓“后横”,就是在仍有时间的情况下,通看各题选项,看看是否存在生词,总结长句的核心意思,以此预测考点和可能的答案。 两步预测都要注意随时做出标注,划出关键词或简写长句的大意,因为单凭记忆在“高压“的听力考试中是万万靠不住的。,以2007年1
2、2月Conversation Two为例: 23. A) She is thirsty for promotion. B) She wants a much higher salary. C) She is tired of her present work. D) She wants to save travel expenses. 首先通过promotion, salary和work可得出本对话的大致主题是有关职业,再联系两次出现的wants,想到或许与求职有关,并顺理成章地想到可能会谈到离职的原因、新职位的性质以及薪酬等等。这就是上面所说的“先纵“。 此后我们可对选项中较长的词语做标注,
3、 通过听录音我们发现本题答案的对应信息在原文中是“Im fed up with my job.“, 正是“tired of“的同义置换。这就是上面所说的“后横“。 可见,事先标注关键信息,可让我们在听时将注意力集中到更小的“点“,起到事半功倍的效果。,2. 分清主次,与生活中的情形相似,双方对话的时候常有主次之分,如:一方询问,另一方作答时,关键信息多出现在作答一方,考点自然也就多出于此。分清对话双方的主次对于我们预测考点出现的位置很重要,方法也简单易行。,(二) 听时抓“点”,有了充分的听前预测,听时的主要任务就是抓住考点,且掌握如下两个原则: 1. 考点均匀分布,易出现在话轮转换处 首先,
4、长对话后设的3-4个小题一般均匀地分布在对话的每个回合,极少出现某一个回合包含两个考点的情况。这样,我们在一个对话回合中找到一个考点后,剩余的部分就可不做详听,让紧张的神经稍做放松,有利于将精力集中于下面的考点。 其次,考点的位置多是话轮转换的时候。具体的说,就是对话一方某段发言的开头和结尾部分,这也完全符合西方人的思维习惯,即在发言伊始多是开门见山,而在发言结尾处又总括强调。 以2006年12月Conversation Two为例:,M: Hi, Miss Rowling, how old were you when you started to write? And what was yo
5、ur first book? W: I wrote my first story when I was about six. It was about a small animal, a rabbit, I mean, and Ive been writing ever since. (22题考点) M: Why did you choose to be an author? W: If someone asked me how to achieve happiness, step one would be finding out what you love doing most and st
6、ep two would be finding someone to pay you to do this. I consider myself very lucky indeed to be able to support myself by writing. (23题考点),M: Do you have any plans to write books for adults? W: My first two novels were for adults. I suppose I might write another one, but I never really imagine a ta
7、rget audience when Im writing. The ideas come first, so it really depends on the ideas that grasp me next. (24题考点) M: Where did the ideas for the Harry Potter books come from? W: Ive no idea where the ideas came from. And I hope Ill never find out. (25题考点) It would spoil my excitement if it turned o
8、ut I just have a funny wrinkle on the surface of my brain, which makes me think about the invisible train platform.,2. 重复率较高的词或短语多成为考点 对话的主要内容理所当然会得到说话人的强调,而一个非常重要且明显的强调方式就是重复,故重复的词语往往能够揭示对话的主题。 如问:What is the news coverage mainly about? 【例7】 【预览选项】 A The latest developments of an armed rebellion in
9、 Karnak. B The fall of Karnaks capital city into the hands of the rebel forces. C The epidemic(传染病) that has just broken out in the country of Karnak. D The peace talks between the rebels and the government in Karnak. 而原文中多次出现rebel forces, conflict, war等与“叛乱“相关的词语,也可判断本题答案为A) The latest developments
10、 of an armed rebellion in Karnak.,(三)注意使用缩略语 记笔记一定要迅速,而要想在有限的时间内尽可能比较全面的记录重点信息,使用一定的缩略语和熟悉的符号是十分必要的,主要有以下几种方法: 1)利用数学符号。 如equal写成“=”; “”表示“unequal”;“”代表increase/up; “”表示result from/because/since/for/as;“”代表lead to/result in/has become/turn into;“”表示decrease/drop/dip/fall;“”代表about/almost;表示more than
11、;表示 less than;“ +”代表include/cover;“-”则是exclude等。,2)利用数字和其他固定符号。 能用数字或其他固定符号代表的词全部用阿拉伯数字或符号,这样既能节约时间,又能避免拼写错误,如:twenty写成 20; nineteen eighty four记作1984; $=dollar; =pound; 11 in the morning=11 am; 11 in the evening=11 pm等。 3)创造自己的速写符号。 在平时的训练中也可以使用和创造一些符合自己习惯的缩略语和符号,如u可代表understand(ing); m可代表mean(ing)
12、; m=minute; s=second; h=hour; imp.=important/importance; nec.=necessary等。,二、 长对话的常用词汇/短语及句型,1.工作类 2.家庭日常生活类 3.休闲时光类,1.工作类 大学英语教学突出实用性,即让学生毕业后能在实际工作中自如地运用英语进行交流。大学英语四级的听力考试也正是突出了这一特点,所以涉及工作的话题颇多,但是很少谈论具体工作细节,大都是日常的工作情况,请大家注意这方面语料的积累,在取得好成绩的同时,也进一步提高自己的实际英语应用能力。,总结经常出现的相关词汇/短语如下: be responsible for, o
13、ut of control, trading, financial market, work- related, changing jobs, high stress, a stressful job, an element of stress, long-term performance and success, equipment, proposal, human resources, advertising in the papers, advertising strategy, commercials, investment, profit, budget, effective com
14、munication skills, ability to work individually, retire, retirement, scheme, temporary staff, committee work, in charge of, resum, etc.,以下总结工作类话题经常出现的句子/ 句型: Did you have time to look at my proposal? If we want to stay competitive, we need to . Well have to discuss . We should consider . It is not e
15、nough any more. We need to be more aggressive in order to keep ahead of our competitors. Well be able to afford this. I am fed up with my job. If I stay on my present job much longer, I wont have any mind or skills left. What about salary? That is why I am interested in this job. I have done differe
16、nt types of things. You are really resourceful. You might just be the person weve been looking for.,2.家庭日常生活类 关于家庭日常生活的话题涉及面比较广,出现频率也比较高。2009年6月的试题出现了谈论他人退休生活的话题;2008年12月的试题是关于买农场;2008年6月的试题涉及了偷盗事件。因此我们要关注当前社会的热点话题,比如房价、交通、环境、安全等。 总结经常出现的相关词汇/短语如下: rent, landlord, house-leasing contract, utilities,
17、agency fees, real estate, mortgage(按揭), down payment(首付), affordable housing(经济适用房), withdrawal, deposit, traffic jam, route, rubbish disposal station, recycle, surrounding, facility, etc.,以下总结家庭日常生活类话题经常出现的句子/ 句型: What form of transport do you prefer to use? What are your opinions about traffic pro
18、blems? There is a problem with . I am sorry about this inconvenience. How can we afford to buy .? We can pay a little on . Ive been told you might have a vacant room. Do you want to share with any roommates or live alone? I heard the price of the house has risen again.,3.休闲时光类 大学英语四级听力考试中涉及到休闲内容的材料也
19、不少,但主要集中在旅游和预定酒店方面。 总结经常出现的相关词汇/短语如下: leisure time, motel, accommodation, annual leave, tourist attraction, resort, double room, single room, passport, pack, ready to leave, depend on, relax, check in, check-in procedure, check out, pay in advance, do some sightseeing, fantastic, peak season, low /
20、off season, receipt, registration, flexible, souvenir, holiday brochure, group reservation, travel agency, local specialty, package tour, one-way trip, round trip, etc.,以下总结休闲时光类话题经常出现的句子/ 句型: I am packed and ready to leave. I cant remember which bag its in. I have planned to . I can give you a 10%
21、discount. Ill have to charge you 100 pounds for the night. I am going to visit . I have also traveled a bit. It is less crowded and hotels cost less. I love train travel. Would you recommend some scenic spots for us to see here? Can you show me some of the attractions here? Id like to know what the
22、itinerary is.,4.学习类 以2009年12月的真题为例,第一篇听力长对话的内容是关于报计算机辅导班的,其中跟学习、学科相关的词汇有:courses in computer programming, the fall semester, evening course, data processing, register, registration等。通过这些我们还可以进行适当的扩展。 总结经常出现的相关词汇/短语如下: do research online, take / sit / pass / fail an exam, take extra lessons, compulso
23、ry courses(公共必修课), credit system and selective courses, curriculum, seminar, website, academic year, full-time student, major, thesis, freshman, degree, etc.,以下总结学习类话题经常出现的句子/ 句型: I am looking for information on / about . Do you want a day or evening course? Have you taken any courses? How many week
24、s does the course last? How much is the course? I want to do Philosophy rather than English, but my parents talked me out of it. You would have chosen .,.观点、态度句。 I think Ill take the half-day tour of the city. I dont think we can get a hotel at this time. I suppose you would have arrived earlier. I
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