非谓语形式.ppt
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1、非谓语形式(1),概述:,非谓语形式,1. 动词不定式,2. 分词,3. 动名词,动词除了在句中作谓语外,还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。这就是动词的非谓语形式,称作非谓语动词。(即不能单独作谓语),动词不定式 (一)、构成与特点 1. 基本形式:to+v (动词原形) 2. 动词不定式仍保留着动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,构成不定式短语,并有时态和语态的变化 e.g. I want to have dinner at 7 oclock.,不定式的变化形式,e.g. He seemed to be tired.(同时) She stoppe
2、d to have a rest.(之后) They seemed to be talking about something important. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.,(二)、用法 动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾补和状语。 1 作主语 To see is to believe. To study hard is important. 不定式或不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语不定式放在后面,构成“It is+adj.(for sb)+不定式 ”句型 It
3、is important (for us students) to study hard.,2. 作宾语 I hope to see her soon. 3. 作表语 My wish is to write a good book for children. 4. 做宾补 I ask him to show me the new dictionary. 5. 作定语(必须后置) I have a lot of work to do today. He needs a room to live in.,6. 作状语 目的、原因、结果等 We have come to learn from you
4、. He gets up early in order not to be late. I am glad to meet you.(原因) I arrived at the station, only to find the train gone. (三)、不定式的注意点 1. 不定式的否定式 (非谓语形式否定在前) not to +v./never to +v. I asked him not to be late. He promised never to tell a lie.,2. 不定式作定语 (如果不定式是不及物动词,后面就应有必要的介词) She is a very nice
5、person to work with. Please lend me a pen to write with. 3. 不定式与主语形成动宾关系(主谓关系),常用主动式 The question is difficult to answer. I have some clothes to wash. I have some clothes to be washed.,4. 感官动词 (see,hear,watch,notice,feel,listen to,look at) see sb do be seen to do see sb doingbe seen doing I saw a ma
6、n go into the building. I saw a man going into the building. 5. 使役动词 have +o.+do/ have +o. +done/ have +o.+doing The teacher had the students recite the text. I had my hair cut. We had the light burning all the night. He had me working from 1 oclock to 3 oclock.,get +o+to do / get +o.+done/ get +o.+
7、doing I got him to help me with my English. I got the work finished just in time. We will get the party going with some music. 6. 不带to的不定式 make sb do be made to do The boss made him work day and night. let sb dobe let to do Let her go with you.,do nothing but do/have nothing to do but do /there is n
8、othing to do but do/cant help but do /cant but do (have no choice /alternative but to do) He did nothing but watch TV last night. I cant help but work harder than before. I have no choice but to wait for her at the stop. (当两个或更多作用相同的不定式并列使用时,我们常常只在第一个不定式前加to,在后面的不定式前不加:She told the child to stay the
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