网路ppt课件.ppt
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1、網路,資料來源 : Peter Norton 蔡昆達 唐松見 許鴻祥王怡然,Benefits of a Network:,Allows simultaneous access to critical programs and data. Allows people to share peripheral devices, such as printers and scanners. Streamlines personal communication with email. Makes the backup process easier.,Networking in a word: effic
2、iency,Network Setup:,LAN (Local Area Network) WAN (Wide Area Network) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network),Local Area Network LAN,A network of computers located relatively near each other and connected by a cable.,Wide Area Network WAN,Two or more LANs connected together, generally across a wide geograph
3、ical area using high-speed or dedicated telephone line.,Metropolitan Area Network MAN,Similar to a WAN network but is confined to a single city or metropolitan area.,Node - individual computers attached to a network.,Network Types:,Server Network Peer-to-Peer Network,Server Network:,File Server used
4、 to store and forward (send) files from and to computers (nodes) on the network. Client/Server individual computers (nodes) share the processing and storage workload with a central server.,Peer-to-Peer Network:,Simple Peer-to-Peer all nodes on the network have equal relationship to all others, and a
5、ll have similar types of software. Distributed Computing enables users to draw on the processing power of other computers in the network.,Topology - the physical layout of the cables that connect the nodes of the network.,Network Topologies:,Bus topology Star topology Ring topology,Bus topology - a
6、single conduit to which all the network nodes and peripheral devices are attatched.,Bus: a single path connects all devices.,A broken path can bring down all connected devices.,Star topology - places a hub in the center of the network nodes. Groups of data are routed through the central hub to their
7、 destinations.,Star: the hub is in the center of the network nodes.,The entire network goes down only if the hub is lost.,Ring topology - connects the nodes of the network in a circular chain in which each node is connected to the next.,Ring: each node is chained to the next.,If a connection is lost
8、, the entire network goes down.,Network Media - refers to the wires, cables, and other means by which data travels from its source to its destination.,Network Media:,Twisted-pair wire Coaxial cable Fiber-optic cable Wireless links,Network Protocol - a set of standards for communication.,TCP/IP IPX/S
9、PX NetBEUI,Network Operating System (NOS) - the group of programs that manages the resources on the network.,Internet 的起源 (1),Internet自1960年代即開始發展,一開始是源於當時處於冷戰時期,美國國防部為防軍事電腦過於集中,只要一顆炸彈就可以毀了全部的電腦系統起見,他們把電腦散佈在相隔很遠的地方,而電腦和電腦之間的溝通,是將訊息分割成封包的方式來傳遞。,Internet 的起源 (2),因此,美國國防部為了確保傳輸的完整性、相容性及安全性,而進行了一項當時不為人知
10、的實驗性計畫當時他們架構了ARPANet(Advanced Research Project Agency Network),讓全國所有與國防部計劃相關聯的單位的電腦均能連在一起,互相共享資源當時所研發的網路連結技術,是為了避免在戰爭時部分通訊中斷,而導致部分網路通訊失效時,其他電腦之間的網路通訊還能正常運作。,Creation of the Internet:,The Internet came about through a combination of ARPANET, NSFnet (National Science Foundation), and other networks.,T
11、CP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) - the protocol used to connect computers with the Internet.,Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol,Domain Name System (DNS) - an address that uses words rather than numbers. Made up of two parts:,An individual name (created for the ind
12、ividual user) Domain (a name for a computer connected to the Internet),Internet Domains:,.com business (commercial) .edu educational .gov government .mil military .net gateway or host .org other organization,Features of the Internet:,E-Mail News Telnet FTP Gopher,Chat World Wide Web Online Services
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