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1、 一、ing 作主语或宾语 1作主语 直接置于句首 1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的. Playing tricks on others is something we should never do 2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 Learning new words is very important for me 3)说比做容易。 Talking is easier than doing. 用形式主语it,把真正的主语ing形式移置句尾 。但这种句子形式有一定的限制,作表语的只 能是某些形容词或少数名词。 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。 It is useless trying to a
2、rgue with Shylock 这事值得去做。 Its worth making the effort 想再解释一次有好处吗? Is it any good trying to explain? 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。 It is pleasant working with you 在there be no结构中作主语 这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do ”。 若要人不知,除非己莫为。 There is no hiding of evil but not to do it 这种事开不得玩笑。 Here is no joking about such m
3、atter. 无法知道他什么时候离开 There was no knowing when he would leave. 注意:-ing与不定式的比较: -ing表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作,不定式则 通常表示具体的动作。 我喜欢看书,但是我现在想看电影。 I like ,but now I like .reading to see a film 归纳:常用-ing形式作主语的句型有: It +be +a waste of time doing 做、是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use doing 做、是没益/用处的 It is/was hardly/scarcely w
4、orth doing 做、不值得 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做、是值得的 There is no doing 无法、, 不允许、 There is no sense in doing 做、没有道理 There is/was no use doing 干、无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比、更糟的 There is/was no point doing 干、无意义 我们不知道要去哪儿。 There was no knowing where we would go. 做这件傻事毫无意义。 There i
5、s no point doing such a silly thing. 注意:There is no need to do sth 干、 没必要,在此句式中to do 不可换为doing 没有必要告诉她。 There is no need to tell her. 注意:-ing的逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词 和名词所有格构成。 我姐姐病了,使我很担心。 My sisters being ill made we worried. 你正确未必就意味着我错了。 Your being right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong. 2、用作宾语 只能后接动
6、名词作宾语的动词,常见的有 avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish, suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannot help,imagine,mind,miss,practise, cannot stand, excuse,fancy,give up,put off,risk等。如: 我不能不去。 I cant avoid going 你是否考虑过找一位挚友? Have you considered looking for one special friend? 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词 ,常见的有:begin,start,con
7、tinue,like ,love,prefer,by,mean,forget, remember,hate等。 A在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后 ,用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同,只 是侧重点有些不同,动名词表示泛指的动 作,不定式表示具体的一次性动作。 B在begin/start,continue之后,用动名词 和不定式,意义无甚区别,尤其是当主语 是人的时候。 3作介词宾语 下列短语中的to都是介词,所以后面跟名词或 -ing形式:devote to,object to,pay attention to,get down to,lead to, look fo
8、rward to,stick to,be used to等 go on doing 继续继续 做原来做的事 go on to do 接着做另一件事 mean doing 意味着做某事 mean to do 想要做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 stop to do 停下来(别别的事)开始 做某事 try doing 试试着做某事 try to do 努力做某事 be used to doing 习惯习惯 于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事 cant help doing 禁不住做某事 cant help to do 不能帮助做某事 【考例】 Lets have a re
9、st Not nowI dont want to stop _ yet(MET 1985) A. study B. to study C. for studying D. studying 解析:stop studying意为“停止学习”。 Let me tell you something about the journalists Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday?(1999上海 高考题) A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told 解析: remember telling me意为 “记得
10、曾经告诉过我”。 1. It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired Exercise 2. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing
11、 3. The classroom wants _. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning 4. Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited 5. My brother keeps _ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 6. We should often practise _ English with each other. A. to speak
12、 B. spoke C. speak D. speaking 7. Keep on _ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. tried D. trying 8. His parents insist on _ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go 9. The story was so funny that we _. A. couldnt help laugh B. cant but laugh C. couldnt help laughing D. coul
13、dnt help but to laugh 10. Though it sounds a bit too dear ( 昂贵), it is worth _. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it 11. He devoted his life to _ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied 12. We are both looking forward to _ next week. A. going on vocation(休假)
14、 B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation 13. You must pay attention to _ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read 14. You should work tonight instead of _ TV. A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching 15. The microscope is used for_ minute (微
15、小的) objects. A. examining B. being examined C. examined D. examine 16. Mike has got used _ up late at night. A. to stay B. stay C. to staying D. staying 17. Once the heart stops _, death follows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating 18. We are now busy _ for the examination
16、. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being prepared 19. I remembered _ this person somewhere before. A. seeing B. having been seen C. seen D. to see 20. I regret _ that to her. A. having said B. to have said C. to say D. X 21. The patient must be separated to avoid (避免) _ others. A. being inf
17、ected(感染) B. infecting C. to infect D. infected 22.Your clothes need _. A. washed B. to be washed C. to wash D. being washed 23. _ provides us with essential nutrients (营养), while _ provides us with oxygen. A. To eat; breathing B. Eating; to breathe C. Eating; breathing D. Eaten; breathed 24. He att
18、ended the party without_. A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited 25. By _, water can be changed into gas. A. heating B. being heated C. having heated D. heated 26. On land many objects prevent sound _ very far. A. to travel B. travel C. from travelling D. to travelling 27. She ret
19、urned home only to find the door open and something_ . A. missed B. to be missing C. missing D. to be missed 28. Remember_ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back 29. Writing stories and articles_ what I enjoy most. A. is B. are C. was D. were 30. He was afraid _for being late. A. of seeing B. of being seen C. to be seen D. to have seen
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