公交路线网络设计问题:回顾 本科毕业设计外文文献及译文.doc
《公交路线网络设计问题:回顾 本科毕业设计外文文献及译文.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《公交路线网络设计问题:回顾 本科毕业设计外文文献及译文.doc(17页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、本科毕业设计外文文献及译文文献、资料题目:Transit Route Network Design Problem: Review文献、资料来源:网络文献、资料发表(出版)日期:2007.1院 (部): xxx专 业: xxx班 级:xxx姓 名:xxx学 号: xxx指导教师: xxx翻译日期: xxx毕业设计外文文献及译文外文文献:Transit Route Network Design Problem: ReviewAbstract: Efficient design of public transportation networks has attracted much interes
2、t in the transport literature and practice, with manymodels and approaches for formulating the associated transit route network design problem _TRNDP_ having been developed. The presentpaper systematically presents and reviews research on the TRNDP based on the three distinctive parts of the TRNDP s
3、etup: designobjectives, operating environment parameters and solution approach.IntroductionPublic transportation is largely considered as a viable option for sustainable transportation in urban areas, offering advantages such as mobility enhancement, traffic congestion and air pollution reduction, a
4、nd energy conservation while still preserving social equity considerations. Nevertheless, in the past decades, factors such as socioeconomic growth, the need for personalized mobility, the increase in private vehicle ownership and urban sprawl have led to a shift towards private vehicles and a decre
5、ase in public transportations share in daily commuting (Sinha 2003; TRB 2001; EMTA 2004; ECMT 2002; Pucher et al. 2007). Efforts for encouraging public transportation use focuses on improving provided services such as line capacity, service frequency, coverage, reliability, comfort and service quali
6、ty which are among the most important parameters for an efficient public transportation system (Sinha 2003; Vuchic 2004.)In this context, planning and designing a cost and service efficient public transportation network is necessary for improving its competitiveness and market share. The problem tha
7、t formally describes the design of such a public transportation network is referred to as the transit route network design problem (TRNDP);it focuses on the optimization of a number of objectives representing the efficiency of public transportation networks under operational and resource constraints
8、 such as the number and length of public transportation routes, allowable service frequencies, and number of available buses (Chakroborty 2003; Fan and Machemehl 2006a,b).The practical importance of designing public transportation networks has attracted considerable interest in the research communit
9、y which has developed a variety of approaches and modelsfor the TRNDP including different levels of design detail and complexity as well as interesting algorithmic innovations. In thispaper we offer a structured review of approaches for the TRNDP; researchers will obtain a basis for evaluating exist
10、ing research and identifying future research paths for further improving TRNDP models. Moreover, practitioners will acquire a detailed presentation of both the process and potential tools for automating the design of public transportation networks, their characteristics, capabilities, and strengths.
11、Design of Public Transportation NetworksNetwork design is an important part of the public transportation operational planning process _Ceder 2001_. It includes the design of route layouts and the determination of associated operational characteristics such as frequencies, rolling stock types, and so
12、 on As noted by Ceder and Wilson _1986_, network design elements are part of the overall operational planning process for public transportation networks; the process includes five steps: _1_ design of routes; _2_ setting frequencies; _3_ developing timetables; _4_ scheduling buses; and _5_ schedulin
13、g drivers. Route layout design is guided by passenger flows: routes are established to provide direct or indirect connection between locations and areas that generate and attract demand for transit travel, such as residential and activity related centers _Levinson 1992_. For example, passenger flows
14、 between a central business district _CBD_ and suburbs dictate the design of radial routes while demand for trips between different neighborhoods may lead to the selection of a circular route connecting them. Anticipated service coverage, transfers, desirable route shapes, and available resources us
15、ually determine the structure of the route network. Route shapes areusually constrained by their length and directness _route directness implies that route shapes are as straight as possible between connected points_, the usage of given roads, and the overlapping with other transit routes. The desir
16、able outcome is a set of routesconnecting locations within a service area, conforming to given design criteria. For each route, frequencies and bus types are the operational characteristics typically determined through design. Calculations are based on expected passenger volumes along routes that ar
17、e estimated empirically or by applying transit assignmenttechniques, under frequency requirement constraints _minimum and maximum allowed frequencies guaranteeing safety and tolerable waiting times, respectively_, desired load factors, fleet size, and availability. These steps as well as the overall
18、 design.process have been largely based upon practical guidelines, the expert judgment of transit planners, and operators experience _Baaj and Mahmassani 1991_. Two handbooks by Black _1995_ and Vuchic _2004_ outline frameworks to be followed by planners when designing a public transportation networ
19、k that include: _1_ establishing the objectives for the network; _2_ defining the operational environment of the network _road structure, demand patterns, and characteristics_; _3_ developing; and _4_ evaluating alternative public transportation networks.Despite the extensive use of practical guidel
20、ines and experience for designing transit networks, researchers have argued that empirical rules may not be sufficient for designing an efficient transit network and improvements may lead to better quality and more efficient services. For example, Fan and Machemehl _2004_ noted that researchers and
21、practitioners have been realizing that systematic and integrated approaches are essential for designing economically and operationally efficient transit networks. A systematic design process implies clear and consistent steps and associated techniques for designing a public transportation network, w
22、hich is the scope of the TRNDP.TRNDP: OverviewResearch has extensively examined the TRNDP since the late 1960s. In 1979, Newell discussed previous research on the optimal design of bus routes and Hasselstrm _1981_ analyzed relevant studies and identified the major features of the TRNDP as demand cha
23、racteristics, objective functions, constraints, passengerbehavior, solution techniques, and computational time for solving the problem. An extensive review of existing work on transit network design was provided by Chua _1984_ who reported five types of transit system planning: _1_ manual; _2_ marke
24、tanalysis; _3_ systems analysis; _4_ systems analysis with interactive graphics; and _5_ mathematical optimization approach. Axhausemm and Smith _1984_ analyzed existing heuristic algorithms for formulating the TRNDP in Europe, tested them, anddiscussed their potential implementation in the United S
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 公交路线网络设计问题:回顾 本科毕业设计外文文献及译文 公交路线 网络 设计 问题 回顾 本科 毕业设计 外文 文献 译文
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-3261498.html