无投影片标题-NCKU.ppt
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1、Failure Modes and Effects Analysis A Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) tabulates failure modes of equipment and their effects on a system or plant. The failure mode describes how equipment fails (open, closed, on, off, leaks, etc.). The effect of the failure mode is determined by the systems
2、 response to the equipment failure. An FMEA identifies single failure modes that either directly result in or contribute significantly to an accident. Human operator error are usually not examined directly in an FMEA; however, the effects of a misoperation as a result of human error are,usually indi
3、cated by an equipment failure mode. An FMEA is not efficient for identifying an exhaustive list of combinations of equipment failures that lead to accidents.,open closed,sticks,rupture,leaks thru,FC,Purpose The purpose of an FMEA is to identify single equipment and system failure modes and each fail
4、ure modes potential effect(s) on the system or plant. This analysis typically generates recommendations for increasing equipment reliability, thus improving process safety. Types of Results An FMEA generates a qualitative, systematic reference list of equipment, failure modes, and effects. A worst-c
5、ase estimate of consequences resulting from single failure is included. The FMEA may be easily updated for design changes or system/plant modifications. FMEA results are usually documented in a column- format table. Hazard analysts usually include suggestions for improving safety in appropriate item
6、s in the table.,Failure and Failure Mode,Failure: The termination of an items ability to perform a required function. Failure Mode: The effects by which a failure is observed on the failed item. All technical items are designed to fulfill one or more functions. A failure mode is thus defined as non-
7、fulfillment of one of these functions.,Classification of Failures,Sudden versus gradual failures Hidden versus evident failures According to effects (critical, degraded or incipient) According to severity (catastrophic, critical, marginal or negligible) Primary failure, secondary failure and command
8、 fault,Classification of Failure Modes,Demanded change of state is not achieved. Change of conditions or states.,Fail to open on command Fail to close on command Leakage through the valve in closed position Leakage to the environment,Examples of Equipment Failure Modes Used in an FMEA Equipment Desc
9、ription Example Failure Modes Pump, normally operating Fails on (fails to stop when required) Transfers off (stops when required to run) Seal leak/rupture Pump casing leak/rupture Heat exchanger, high pressure on Leak/rupture, tube side to shell side tube side Leak/rupture, shell side to external en
10、vironment Tube side, plugged Shell side, plugged Fouling,Resource Requirements Using the FMEA approach requires the following data and information sources: (1) a system or plant equipment list or P&ID, (2) knowledge of equipment function and failure modes, and (3) knowledge of system or plant functi
11、on and responses to equipment failures. FMEAs can be performed by single analysts, but these analyses should be reviewed by others to help ensure completeness. Staff requirements will vary with the size and complexity of equipment functions and failure modes and how the failures might affect other p
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