电子稳定系统(ESP)毕业设计论文.doc
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1、目 录引 言1Introduction4References51 ESP系统的结构与组成81.1 电子控制单元(ECU)111.2 液压调节器总成131.3 前轮速度传感器141.4 后轮速度传感器151.5 ESP 开关161.6 方向盘转角传感器162 电子稳定系统(ESP)子系统的工作过程202.1 防抱死制动系统(ABS)的工作过程202.1.1常规制动202.1.2 ABS的工作时刻212.2 电子制动力分配(EBD)工作过程252.3牵引力控制系统(TCS)工作过程253 电子稳定程序(ESP)工作过程273.1 克服转向不足的操作273.2 克服转向过度的操作304 电子制动系统
2、的维修334.1 自诊断334.2 制动器排气程序334.3 方向盘转角传感器的校准344.4 电子控制单元和液压总成的维修344.5 轮速传感器的检查354.6 ESP开关的检查355 电子稳定程序(ESP)典型故障案例37结 论40参 考 文 献41致 谢4243引 言ESP是汽车电子稳定程序 (Electronic Stability Program)的简写,由德国博世公司(BOSCH)和梅赛德斯-奔驰(MERCEDESBENZ)公司联合研制。1998年2月,梅赛德斯一奔驰公司首次在其A级微型轿车中成批地安装该电控车辆稳定行驶系统。它集成了电子制动防抱死系统(ABS),电子制动力分配(E
3、BD)和牵引力控制(TCS)的基本功能;能够在几毫秒的时间内,识别出汽车不稳定的行驶趋势,比如,由于人为或环境的干扰,轿车可能进入不稳定的行驶状态;特别是驾驶员在转向时经常出现“过度转向”或“转向不足”的操作缺陷,如果得不到及时纠正,就会使车子偏离正确行驶路线,严重时,就有翻转趋势等危险。ESP系统通过智能化的电子控制方案,让汽车传动或制动系统产生所期望的准确响应,从而及时地,恰当地消除这些不稳定行驶趋势,使汽车保持在所期望的行驶路线上。ESP系统实际是一种牵引力控制系统,与其他牵引力控制系统比较,ESP不但控制驱动轮,而且可控制从动轮。如后轮驱动汽车常出现的转向过多情况,此时后轮失控而甩尾,
4、ESP便会刹慢外侧的前轮来稳定车子;在转向过少时,为了校正循迹方向,ESP则会刹慢内后轮,从而校正行驶方向。 ESP系统包含ABS(防抱死刹车系统)及ASR(防侧滑系统),是这两种系统功能上的延伸。因此,ESP称得上是当前汽车防滑装置的最高级形式。ESP系统由控制单元及转向传感器(监测方向盘的转向角度)、车轮传感器(监测各个车轮的速度转动)、侧滑传感器(监测车体绕垂直轴线转动的状态)、横向加速度传感器(监测汽车转弯时的离心力)等组成。控制单元通过这些传感器的信号对车辆的运行状态进行判断,进而发出控制指令。有ESP与只有ABS及ASR的汽车,它们之间的差别在于ABS及ASR只能被动地作出反应,而
5、ESP则能够探测和分析车况并纠正驾驶的错误,防患于未然。ESP对过度转向或不足转向特别敏感,例如汽车在路滑时左拐过度转向(转弯太急)时会产生向右侧甩尾,传感器感觉到滑动就会迅速制动右前轮使其恢复附着力,产生一种相反的转矩而使汽车保持在原来的车道上。当然,任何事物都有一个度的范围,如果驾车者盲目开快车,现在的任何安全装置都难以保全。ESP系统是汽车主动安全性技术发展的一个巨大突破,它可以在极其恶劣的行车环境中确保汽车的行驶稳定性。是它的主动性,如果说ABS是被动地作出反应,那么ESP却可以做到防患于未然。汽车电子稳定程序控制系统(Electronic Stability Program),虽然不
6、同的车型,往往赋予其不同的名称,如BMW称其为DSC,丰田、雷克萨斯称其为VSC,而VOLVO汽车称其为DSTC,但其原理和作用基本相同。ESP系统除了具有ABS和TCS的功能之外,更是一种智能的主动安全系统,它通过高度灵敏的传感器时刻监测车辆的行驶状态,并通过计算分析判定车辆行驶方向是否偏离驾驶员的操作意图,识别出危险情况,并提前裁决出可行的干预措施使车辆恢复到稳定行驶状态。ESP能降低车辆侧滑的危险,从而降低事故的发生,显著减少因外界各种恶劣路况及驾驶员失误等造成的重大损失,极大地改善了汽车的动态行驶安全性。美国国家公路交通安全管理局 (NHTSA) 的一项报告称,在配备了 ESC 的车辆
7、中,客车单车碰撞事故减少30%,而轿车致命的单车碰撞事故也减少30%。就运动型多用途车而言,该事故下降率甚至更高,单车碰撞事故减少67%,而致命事故则减少63%。ESP的装配率因各个国家而异。根据博世的统计,2005年德国新车ESP装配率约为72,西欧的平均新车装配率约为44,在日本和北美,这个数字稍低,北美约为21%,日本约为15%。而目前中国的装配率还比较低,约为3%。图:2003-2005全球主要地区(国家)的新车ESP装配率来源:BOSCH;整理:水清木华研究中心目前主要有博世、德国大陆、日本电装、ADVICS、韩国万都、美国德尔福等少数几家公司生产ESP,其中博世占了较大份额。从博世
8、1995年推出ESP系统10以来,到2006年初博世累计销售了2000万套ESP系统。表:欧洲市场零部件企业ESP配套情况整车企业ABS/ESP 配套企业Sman博世,德尔福丰田博世,电装沃尔沃大陆特威斯Volkswagen(大众,包括Skoda和Bentley)博世,大陆特威斯,天合奥迪博世,大陆特威斯宝马博世、大陆特威斯菲亚特,包括阿尔法罗密欧和兰旗亚博世、天合福特,包括阿斯顿-马丁博世、大陆特威斯、天合通用欧洲,包括欧宝/伏克斯豪尔/萨博博世、大陆特威斯,天合捷豹/路虎博世、大陆特威斯奔驰,包括迈巴赫博世、大陆特威斯、德尔福日产博世保时捷博世、大陆特威斯PSA/标志-雪铁龙博世、大陆特威
9、斯、天合雷诺博世、大陆特威斯西特博世、大陆特威斯 IntroductionAutomotive electronic stability program ESP (Electronic Stability Program) for short, by the German Robert Bosch GmbH (BOSCH) and the Mercedes - Benz (MERCEDES-BENZ) joint development of the company. February 1998, the first time Mercedes-Benz A-class compact car
10、 in its installed in the bulk of the Electronic Stability travel system. It integrates electronic anti-lock braking system (ABS), electronic brake force distribution (EBD) and traction control (TCS) of the basic functions; that in a few milliseconds of time, identify trends in automobile driving ins
11、tability, such as , or the environment due to human interference, driving cars may enter an unstable state; in particular, often when the pilot turned to oversteer or understeer operating deficiencies, if not corrected in time, will make the car deviate from the correct driving line, serious, there
12、are other dangerous trend reversal. ESP electronic control system through intelligent program, let the car drive or braking system to produce the desired accuracy of response to timely and appropriate to eliminate these unstable driving the trend to maintain the desired vehicle driving route. ESP sy
13、stem is actually a traction control system, traction control system compared with other, ESP not only control the driving wheel, and can control the driven wheel. Rear-wheel drive vehicles, such as turning too often the situation occurs, then the rear wheels and drift out of control, ESP will brake
14、the outside front wheel to stabilize the slow car; in turn had a little time, in order to correct tracking direction, ESP will be slow the rear wheel brake to correct driving directions ESP systems include ABS (anti-lock brake system) and ASR (anti-skid system), is both an extension of the system fu
15、nction. Therefore, ESP anti-skid device called a current vehicle the most advanced form. ESP system consists of control unit and steering sensors (monitoring of the steering wheel steering angle), the wheel sensor (to monitor the speed of rotation of each wheel), yaw sensor (monitoring body rotation
16、 around the vertical axis of the state), lateral acceleration sensor (to monitor when the vehicle turns centrifugal force) and so on. Control unit through which the sensor signals to determine the operational status of the vehicle, and then send control commands. There is only ABS and ESP with ASRs
17、car, the difference between them is the ABS and ASR can only respond passively, while the ESP is able to detect and analyze vehicle speed and correct driving errors before they occur. ESP of oversteer or understeer are particularly sensitive, for example, left over when the car in slippery steering
18、(turning too fast) will produce the right side of the drift, the sensor will be quickly felt sliding it back in the right front brake adhesion to produce a reverse torque to keep the original car leaving the driveway. Of course, everything has a range of degrees, if blindly speeding drivers, and now
19、 hardly any safety devices are preserved. ESP vehicle active safety system is a huge breakthrough in technological development, it can travel in extremely harsh environments to ensure the cars driving stability. Its initiative, if the ABS is a passive response, then they can do preventive measures E
20、SP。 Electronic Stability Program vehicle control system (Electronic Stability Program), although different models, often giving it a different name, such as BMW called DSC, Toyota, Lexus called VSC, and VOLVO car called DSTC , but its principles and functions basically the same. ESP system with ABS
21、and TCS addition to the function, it is also an intelligent active safety system, which through a highly sensitive sensors that monitor the state of the vehicle, and vehicles through the calculation to determine whether the direction of deviation from the intent of the drivers operation , identify h
22、azards, and advance ruling out possible interventions driving the vehicle back to the stable state. ESP can reduce the risk of skidding of vehicles, thereby reducing accidents, significantly reduce the outside world and all kinds of bad road conditions caused by pilot error and other major losses, w
23、hich greatly improved the cars dynamic driving safety. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) said in a report in the vehicles equipped with ESC, bus bicycle crashes by 30%, while the car is also fatal bicycle crashes by 30%. To sport utility vehicles, the decline in the accident
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