英语专业毕业论文-向心文化和离心文化在词汇学中的的体现.doc
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1、AbstractWith the fast development of economy, the distance between people all over the word is getting smaller and smaller. It is not uncommon that a variety of great changes have come into being. So people can easily find that the culture around us is exposed to various types. As Marx once said, ec
2、onomic infrastructure determines the upper building. So, the fast developing global economy has led to the various cultures especially many new kinds of culture. Though it may be a new conception, actually the phenomenon has existed for a long time, namely the endocentric culture and the exocentric
3、culture. These two kinds of culture are so interesting that it stimulates many peoples curiousness. However, they havent showed too many opinions about this topic yet. Now this paper will discuss with you about this two kinds of new culture in lexicology.Key Words: language, culture, endocentric, ex
4、ocentric 摘要随着经济的快速发展,世界人们之间的距离在逐渐缩小。一系列重大变化的发生是不足奇怪的。比如,我们周边的文化已经有了很多种形式。正如马克思所说,经济基础决定上层建筑。所以我们可以说,快速发展的全球经济带来了各种各样的文化,尤其是很多新的文化。虽然可能是一个新概念,事实上这个现象已经存在有好长时间了,即向心文化和离心文化。这两种新颖的文化引起了人们的兴趣,但是关于这个话题还没有很多人发表他们的看法。本文将在文里和大家讨论一下向心文化和离心文化在词汇学中的的体现。关键词:语言,文化,向心的,离心的Introduction:We all know culture, which, i
5、n a broad sense, means the total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. In a narrow sense, culture may refer to local or specific practice, beliefs or customs, which can b
6、e mostly found in folk culture, enterprise culture or food culture etc. Most of us may be familiar with the material culture or spiritual culture, but this context will introduce to you about the two new cultures, namely endocentric culture and exocentric culture. (Dai, 2001:127)First, whats endocen
7、tric culture? According to the construction of the word, endocentric means everything around the center is attracted by the center, so endocentric culture refers to a kind of culture which a group of people are conscious of protecting their local culture. Every aspect of their life shows their prote
8、ction and superiority of their own culture. (Zhu, 1984:5)Then, whats exocentric culture? According to the construction of the word, exocentric means something is moving out of the center, so exocentric culture can be understood like this: it is a trend that people in a group are trying to give up on
9、es local culture and to adapt to other cultures. They will leave their hometown and go to another city and try their best to adapt to everything in that city. (Saussure, 1980:186)All the above is the main conception of the paper, and this paper is divided into five parts, the first is an introductio
10、n of the context, and secondly, the paper will discuss with you about the necessity of the appearance of the two kinds of culture. Third the paper will present to you with the detailed expressions of the two new cultures and you will realize they just exist around us and we are just unconscious of t
11、his. Next, a survey will be given to support my point and show you the real thoughts of college students about the endocentric culture and the exocentric culture. Finally, there is a conclusion of this paper.Chapter 1 The inevitability of the existence of the two kinds of culture1.1 The reasons why
12、the exocentric culture could come into being?About the reason why exocentric culture exists in the society, the context will present it from two aspects. First, the geography of the place maybe one of the crucial factors determines whether the culture will be exocentric or not. We can see that a pla
13、ce which is located at a field of poor land will finally lose their culture and merge into others culture. They have no choice in that natural environment around them which just likes a locked case. People will find that cities along with the sea or the gulfs are more likely to be the main steam amo
14、ng the cities around. Take Jiangsu Province in China as an example, the culture and life of south Jiangsu may have more attraction than that of north. Second, the development of economy in a district influences the cultures type a lot. People struggle for life today, we need bread and butter to keep
15、 the life surviving. (Bao, 1986:6)It is inevitably that people in undeveloped districts will pour into developing or developed districts to find some chances raising themselves. The development of local economy will actually influence peoples culture option there. And they will put aside their origi
16、nal culture and try everything to adapt to the new culture, which calls cultural adherence. Just as a foreigner who want to know Chinese culture and people. He or she should first learn Chinese to communicate with Chinese people. Then he or she should also eat rice rather than bull steak, use chopst
17、icks rather than fox; wear Chinese traditional cloth to show friendliness. Thus their original culture will be forget for few times of practice and may be an exocentric culture. 1.2 The reasons why the endocentric culture could come into being?As to endocentric culture, the reasons that it could exi
18、st may be as follows. First the birthplaces of the endocentric culture usually have a good geographic location. Shanghai is a typical city which is surrounded by the sea and Beijing is a typical political and economic city which has a long history. (Lu, 1956:7)I think the sense of superiority in the
19、 local place may be one of the most important reasons. Also take Jiangsu province as an example. The south part of Jiangsu calls “the hometown of the rice and fish”, people there may feel superior to those of north part. This is also a factor relates to the economic condition. Here is a story. If a
20、girl in the south falling love in a boy in the north, they will face a lot of difficulties than the two both from the same place. As a child who grows up in the south, I see a lot of such cases. The parents will feel inferior to others if their daughter marries a boy from the north. In their eyes, t
21、he north is a symbol of poor, barbarian etc. The boy may be more acceptable if he has a promising and bright future. In contrast, boys in the north will not marry girls from the south unless boys have no choice because of some reasons such as financial problems. This sense of superiority undoubtedly
22、 based on the good economic development condition in the south.Furthermore, the policy that the local government comes up to protect the local cultures also an important factor in shaping the endocentric culture. In shanghai, the education department has published some official books to protect thei
23、r local language. As the mandarin has become universal in China, students in the class are guided to say mandarin instead of local language. The action of shanghai government attributes to protect the local language and culture. It also indicates people in shanghai wish the next generation keep thei
24、r superiority. (Xu, 1988:8) As is described above, we can make a simple comparison between them. First, the geographic reason may also be a factor in shaping the two kind of culture. The endocentric one may have a good geographical condition, while the exocentric one may has a disadvantaged conditio
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