英语课程与教学论.ppt
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1、Reflect on your own experiences, then answer these questions:,.,1 When did you start learning English?,2. How do you feel about learning a foreign lan?,3. Which skills do you find more difficult to learn?,4. Do you consider yourself a successful learner?,What is a language?,P1-2 What is your idea? W
2、ork in groups and share your views.,My teaching maxim:,1. To teach language is to teach_. 2. The teachers role is to _. 3. The students role is to _. 4. The role of textbook is _.,Common views on language,P3&10-11 1. Structural view 2. Functional view 3. Interactional view,Structural view,Teaching E
3、nglish is to teach _ which include:,linguistic structural items,Phonological units (sound system) Grammatical units (clauses ,phrases, sentences) Grammatical operations (syntax) Lexical items (structure words),Functional view,Teaching English is not only to teach a linguistic system but also to teac
4、h _ Most day-to-day language use involves functional activities:,a means of doing things (how to use the lan).,Offering Suggesting Advising, apologizing, etc.,Interactional View,It regards lan as a vehicle for the _ of interpersonal relations .,realization,Focus on : patterns of moves, acts, negotia
5、tion and interaction found in _.,conversational exchanges,In short, the interactional view addresses the importance of the_ of using the lan.,appropriateness,Two contrary opinions concerning learning a language,-How does language learning take place? -Which opinion you have most sympathy with ?,Opin
6、ion 1 -Learning a language is like learning any other habit. You dont have to think about it . -We learn languages by copying what others say. Thats why exercises which ask you to “ listen and repeat”.,Unit 1.2 The nature of language teacher development 外语教师专业发展,What makes a good lan teacher?,P5 Rea
7、d the text and answer the questions 1. Is teaching an easy task ? 2. What can contribute to a teachers growth? 3. What makes teaching such a worthy job in the world?,Qualities of a good teacher,P7 Categorize these elements into three groups: Ethic devotion:_ Professional qualities:_ Personal styles:
8、_,a , b , i, j,c, f ,k, l,d, e, g, h, m, n , o,The role of the teacher,1. Choose one or more roles for a teacher in the classroom. A. a controller B. an assessor C. an organiser D. a participant E. a resource-provider,The role of the teacher,2.The following things that teachers often do in a lan cla
9、ssroom. Decide what role the teacher is playing in each activity. ( )a. The teacher gives sts 2 minutes to skim a text, and when time is up, he asks students to stop and answer some questions. ( )b. The teacher has a word in his mind and asks students to guess by asking only Yes/No questions until t
10、hey make the correct guess.,Answers: A D,The role of the teacher,( )c. When students have in groups decided where to go for an spring outing, the teacher asks each group to tell the others why they have made such a choice. ( )d. When a student has made a sentence with borrow, “ I borrowed a paper to
11、 write a letter, the teacher says, Well, we dont say a paper, we say a piece of paper.”,Answers: C B,The role of the teacher,4. Personal maxims can lead to different approaches to teaching . Case study 1 May Ling had been brought up in the Chinese culture, which valued _to authority and emphasized o
12、bservation of protocol. She had been educated in a system that viewed teachers as people with knowledge and wisdom. In this culture, the teachers role was to_ knowledge, the students role was to receive knowledge, and the relationship between students and teachers was _,The maxim of _:,subservience,
13、impart,formal,order,Case study 2,George had been brought up in the Western culture and had gone through a Western education system, in which more emphasis was placed on the _most classrooms had done away with the traditional protocol, and the relationship between stu and ts was much less formal. In
14、his class, sts did not have to stand up to greet him, and they did not have to raise their hands or stand up when they answered questions. Gorege was quite _to accept whatever contributions they made, whether they raised their hands or not.(Tsui 1995),individual,happy,The maxim of _:,encouragement,T
15、he role of the teacher,5. P4 -5Observation and reflection What kind of role is the teacher taking? 6. P 8 Read the story and think about what kind of teacher you would like to be?,Teacher development VS Teacher training,What is the distinction between training and development? (group work),As a fini
16、te skill;,As an evolving process of growth and change,Certain immediate needs,Long-term concerns; teachers autonomy,The nature of teacher development,1: An informed teacher has an_ knowledge base about teaching. 2: Much can be learned about teaching through _. 3: Much of what happens in teaching is
17、unknown to the teacher. 4: Experience is_ as basis for development. 5: _reflection can trigger a deeper understanding of teaching.,(Richards &Lockhart, 1996),Assumptions about teacher development:,extensive,self-inquiry,insufficient,Critical,How can you develop your professional skills?,Task: 1 Why
18、are stage 1 and stage 2 interrelated by a double arrow line? 2.Why are practice and reflection connected by a circle? 3.Where should our teaching methods course fit in the model?,Unit 2.1 Language Learning theories and Learners,语言学习理论与学习者,东北师范大学人文学院,Opinion 2:,- Of course, to learn a language you ha
19、ve to hear others speaking it . But learners develop the language “inside themselves”, forming their own views about how it works, and following their own ways. -Thinking about how the language works is a very import part of learning .Understanding can be a very useful tool.,I. Theory behind opinion
20、 1:,Behaviorism: P 23-24,Skinner & Behaviorism,( 1904.3 1990.8) An American psychologist, author, inventor, advocate for social reform, and poet. ),Skinner was the founder of modern behaviourism who believed that learning was a question of hatbit formation. Hence he denied the involvement of the obs
21、ervable work of the “mind” . His three basic behaviourist ideas about learning are: Conditioning Habit formation The importance of environment,_,_,_,Skinners ideas,Conditioning Learning is seen as a question of developing connections. (Known as Stimulusresponse bonds.) E.g. A dog salivates when a be
22、ll rings called conditioned reflex,2)Habit formation To build up complex behaviour , one needs to break it down into small parts. By repeating each of the small parts, the whole complex behaviour will be shaped. (in tune with the view of the_ ),structural linguists,3) The importance of environment I
23、n behaviourism, the environment is all, and the role of the person or animal is ( ). A metaphor : A child is said to be born as a clean slate onto which experience “writes” or draws its “messages”.,insignificant,II. Theory behind opinion 2,Cognitive theory (Mentalism)P24 -Mentalism is the ( )to beha
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