英语阅读理解解题技巧.ppt
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1、细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种: 1)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage? 2) The author mentions all of the following except . . . 3)Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage? 4)The writer mentions all of the items listed below except _. 5) Which
2、of the following is mentioned in the passage? 6) What is the example of . . . as described in the passage? 7) The reason for . . .is . . . 8) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) . 9)From the passage we know that _. 10)In the passage, the author states that _.,分析题干能力,1、是非题出题形
3、式: a.三正一误: Which of the following is true except? Which of the following is mentioned except b.三误一正: Which of the following is true? 这种做题方法主要与三正一误的下列问法相联系: Which of the following mentioned except Which of the following is not mentioned? 这种问题的正确选项所包含的信息通常连续出现在同一段,而且往往无列举标志词,如first,second,third等。做题时只需
4、阅读有关段落,根据一个选项中的关键词在其前后找其他两个正确先项,剩下一个原文中未提到的,为正确答案。,分析题干能力,2、例证题 例子为高考阅读理解的常见考点之一,这类题的基本结构为: The author provides in line(或Paragraph)an example in order to 意思是问文中举出某现象或例子的目的。 文章中举出一些例子无非是为了说明一定的道理。关键在于这个例子在原文出现的位置,但不管如何,这个例子之前或之后不远处通常都有一句总结说明性的话,这句话就是答案,即举例的目的。如果例子与全文主题有关,则例证主题,答案为主题句。如果例子与段落主题有关,就例证段
5、落主题,则答案为段落主题句;此外,答案为例子前后总结说明性的话。,分析题干能力,3、年代与数字: 这个考点有几种出题方式,但不管以何种形式出现,只要题干问年代与数字,答案就对应于文章中的年代与数字。 4、比较: 比较考点的表现形式主要有: a.比较级与含有比较意义的词汇手段和句型结构; b.表示绝对意义的字眼: first(第一),least(最不),most(最)等; c.表示惟一性的词汇:only, unique等; 阅读最好能圈出表示最高级、惟一性和绝对意义的词汇,便于做题时回原文定位。,分析题干能力,5、原因: 这种题的答案在原文通常有一些表示因果关系的词汇手段提示: result,
6、reason; result in(结果),result from(由于, baseon(以为基础),be due to (由于); because, for, why; as a result, consequently等。 阅读时对这些提示词应该予以注意。原文相关句出现的格式都是先说原因,后说结果,而在题干中通常给出结果,就其原因提问。,分析题干能力,主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种: 1)The general/main idea of the passage is about _ 2)Which of the following best states the theme of the
7、passage? 3)In this passage the author discusses primarily _ 4)The passage is mostly about _ 5)The passage is mainly concerned about _ 6)What is the main topic of the passage? 7)What is the best title for the passage? 8)The subject discussed in this text is _ 9)The authors main purpose in writing the
8、 passage is to 10)The passage is meant to . 11)The purpose of this article is to ,分析题干能力,在解主题大意时,以下方法可供参考。 1.认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子。 2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词,即高频词,也叫做主题词。(04年全国卷1(河南等)E篇中major出现过八次,尽管其词性、词义有所不同,但它就是关键词)。 3.文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。 例如:On the whole , in short, therefore I agree wit
9、h the opinion that Given all these points above , I would support the idea that For all the reasons mentioned above ,I would prefer 掌握了找主题句的方法,就可以依据主题句归纳主题。但归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误,需要同学们注意。 1以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。 2过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛,与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。 3把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。,分析题干能力,如何寻找主题句,Sam
10、ple 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh
11、 fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.,(1)主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文,科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。,Sample 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their
12、own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.,(2)主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。,Sample 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat
13、. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.,(3)在短文中间 当主题句
14、被安排在段中间时, 通常前面只提出问题, 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.,return,有关推理的试题常常包括以下类型: 1) It can be inferred from the text that _. 2) From the text we know that _. 3) The story implies that _. 4) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _. 5) The writers attitude toward.is _. 6
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